Juniperus excelsa s. str. in crimea – differentiation and history inferred from genetic and morphological markers
, , , , y | 11 dic 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Publicado en línea: 11 dic 2021
Páginas: 276 - 288
Recibido: 02 ago 2021
Aceptado: 01 sept 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0028
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© 2021 Małgorzata Mazur et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
![Geographical positions and names of sampled populations of J. excelsa s. str. in Crimea (arrows) against the ranges of communities where the species dominate [in grey; based on Didukh (1992) with O. Kukushkin’s corrections and additions].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471cf14215d2f6c89db1907/j_ffp-2021-0028_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240629T102150Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=17999&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240629%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=05dbcb7f1bd8b05f37bb514e6bea0c052091e0fb21eed70ac166bde36f06607d)
Figure 2
Figure 3
Morphological characteristics used for the evaluation of the Crimean J. excelsa populations: mean values (M) with standard deviation (SD), minima (Min) and maxima (Max), coefficient of variation (CV), and results of comparisons between populations performed data: Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test between all populations and U Mann-Whitney (UMW) test between montane (M) and coastal (C) population and between eastern (E) and southernmost (S) populations, and basing on the set of individuals means: ANOVA and Student’s t test, respectively based on all data: Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test between all populations and U Mann-Whitney (UMW) test between montane (M) and coastal (C) population and between eastern (E) and southernmost (S) populations, and basing on the set of individuals means: ANOVA and Student’s t test, respectively
| Code | Character | Mean ± SD | Min | Max | CV [%] | KW |
comparison M-C | comparison E-S | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UMW |
UMW |
||||||||||
| CL | Length of cone [mm] | 9.1 ± 1.08 | 6.45 | 12.71 | 11.86 | 3.57 |
0.00 |
2.32 | 0.29 | 1.03 | 0.25 |
| CD | Diameter of cone [mm] | 8.83 ± 1.15 | 6.31 | 13.23 | 13.04 | 3.60 |
0.00 |
2.11 | 0.46 | 1.21 | 0.09 |
| CSN | Number of cone scales | 7.59 ± 0.99 | 6.00 | 10.00 | 13.04 | 2.03 | 0.00 |
2.15 | 0.68 | 14.99 |
0.00 |
| SN | Number of seeds | 6.04 ± 1.66 | 2.00 | 11.00 | 27.46 | 1.12 | 0.10 | 1.23 | 0.02 |
1.30 | 0.74 |
| SL | Length of seed [mm] | 4.77 ± 0.59 | 3.19 | 6.37 | 12.32 | 1.86 | 0.00 |
1.04 | 0.08 | 1.34 | 0.19 |
| SW | Width of seed [mm] | 3.06 ± 0.50 | 1.81 | 4.54 | 16.38 | 3.64 |
0.00 |
2.13 | 0.03 |
1.55 | 0.00 |
| LN | Number of leaves | 20.33 ± 4.02 | 12.00 | 34.00 | 19.78 | 5.79 |
0.00 |
2.57 |
0.00 |
1.62 | 0.00 |
| ST | Thickness of the last ramification shoot with leaves [mm] | 0.76 ± 0.10 | 0.54 | 1.07 | 12.94 | 6.28 |
0.00 |
1.88 | 0.44 | 1.01 | 0.23 |
| CL/CD | Ratio of length of cone/diameter of cone | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 0.87 | 1.27 | 6.90 | 1.69 | 0.00 |
1.00 | 0.00 |
1.18 | 0.28 |
| SL/SW | Ratio of length of seed/width of seed | 1.59 ± 0.26 | 1.09 | 2.57 | 16.19 | 2.67 |
0.00 |
1.85 |
0.00 |
2.74 | 0.00 |
| CD/SN | Ratio of diameter of cone/number of seeds | 1.56 ± 0.43 | 0.84 | 3.29 | 27.53 | 0.96 | 0.01 |
1.14 | 0.00 |
1.12 | 0.16 |
| CD/SW | Ratio of diameter of cone/width of seed | 2.93 ± 0.44 | 1.94 | 4.35 | 15.12 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 1.03 | 0.03 |
1.02 | 0.10 |
| CL/SL | Ratio of length of cone/length of seed | 1.93 ± 0.23 | 1.51 | 2.71 | 11.95 | 0.54 | 0.04 | 1.57 | 0.18 | 2.17 | 0.03 |
| CSN/CD | Ratio of number of cone scales/diameter of cone | 0.87 ± 0.13 | 0.58 | 1.27 | 14.63 | 0.76 | 0.01 |
1.55 | 0.62 | 1.40 | 0.26 |
| CD/ST | Ratio of diameter of cone/number of seeds | 11.87 ± 6.85 | 6.85 | 18.77 | 20.48 | 7.54 |
0.00 |
3.55 | 0.36 | 2.89 | 0.02 |
| LN/ST | Ratio of number of leaves/thickness of the last ramification shoot with leaves | 27.27 ± 3.64 | 13.64 | 53.97 | 24.29 | 4.11 |
0.00 |
1.01 |
0.00 |
1.35 |
0.00 |
Number of individuals (Nind), haplotypes of two polymorphic cpDNA sequences: trnD-trnT and trnH-psbA and haplotype diversity (Hd) in the populations of J. excelsa sampled in the Crimean Peninsula
| Population | Nind | Number of cpDNA haplotypes | Hd | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | H8 | H9 | H10 | |||
| Kara Dag | 5 | 4 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.400 |
| Sudak | 5 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 0.700 |
| Uzundza | 5 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 0.700 |
| Fiolent | 5 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 0.900 |
| Nikita | 10 | 8 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.356 |
| Bogatoye Ushelye | 4 | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.000 | |
| Laspy | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.533 |
| Chatyr Dag | 4 | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.000 |
| Total | 48 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Sampled populations of J. excelsa in Crimea
| Population | Geographical position | No. of specimens analyzed | Longitude N | Latitude E | Altitude | Collector | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| biometry |
genetics | ||||||
| Kara Dag | eastern coastal | 1/10 (4/4/56) | 5 | 44°54′52.97″ | 35°12′55.18″ | 234 | O. Kukushkin, Yu. Krasylenko |
| Sudak | 12 (36) | 5 | 44°50′32.92″ | 34°56′37.11″ | 139 | Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin | |
| Uzundza | montane | 10 (50) | 5 | 44°27′47.9″ | 33°52′09.4″ | 768–770 | Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin |
| Fiolent | southern coastal | 5 (25) | 5 | 44°30′15.3″ | 33°30′29.0″ | 55 | Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin |
| Nikita | 10 (50) | 10 | 44°30′25.09″ | 34°14′52.28″ | 50 | S. Sadogurska, Yu. Krasylenko | |
| Bogatoye Ushelye | montane | 4 (4) | 4 | 44°32′05.56″ | 33°51′23.24″ | 700–770 | O. Kukushkin |
| Laspy | southern coastal | 9 (36) | 10 | 44°25′09.25″ | 33°40′36.57″ | 50 | S. Sadogurska, Yu. Krasylenko |
| Chatyr Dag | montane | 4 (40) | 4 | 44°48′02.63″ | 34°19′16.36″ | 650–1000 | O. Kukuskin, Yu. Krasylenko |