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Juniperus excelsa s. str. in crimea – differentiation and history inferred from genetic and morphological markers

Małgorzata Mazur

Małgorzata Mazur

Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Biological SciencesBydgoszcz, Poland
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Mazur, Małgorzata
, 
Katarzyna A. Jadwiszczak

Katarzyna A. Jadwiszczak

University of Bialystok, Faculty of BiologyBiałystok, Poland
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Jadwiszczak, Katarzyna A.
, 
Agnieszka Bona

Agnieszka Bona

University of Bialystok, Faculty of BiologyBiałystok, Poland
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Bona, Agnieszka
, 
Yuliya Krasylenko

Yuliya Krasylenko

  • Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell BiologyOlomouc, Czech Republic
  • National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Cell Biology and BiotechnologyKyiv, Ukraine
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Krasylenko, Yuliya
, 
Oleg Kukushkin

Oleg Kukushkin

Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of SciencesSaint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Kukushkin, Oleg
 and 
Katarzyna Marcysiak

Katarzyna Marcysiak

Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Biological SciencesBydgoszcz, Poland
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Marcysiak, Katarzyna
  
Dec 11, 2021
Juniperus excelsa s. str. in crimea – differentiation and history inferred from genetic and morphological markers's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Dec 11, 2021
Page range: 276 - 288
Received: Aug 02, 2021
Accepted: Sep 01, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0028
Keywords
© 2021 Małgorzata Mazur et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Geographical positions and names of sampled populations of J. excelsa s. str. in Crimea (arrows) against the ranges of communities where the species dominate [in grey; based on Didukh (1992) with O. Kukushkin’s corrections and additions].
Geographical positions and names of sampled populations of J. excelsa s. str. in Crimea (arrows) against the ranges of communities where the species dominate [in grey; based on Didukh (1992) with O. Kukushkin’s corrections and additions].

Figure 2

Results of discriminant analysis of six populations of J. excelsa from Crimea based on morphological traits. A – Scatterplot showing populations means, B – Scatter of all cases.
Results of discriminant analysis of six populations of J. excelsa from Crimea based on morphological traits. A – Scatterplot showing populations means, B – Scatter of all cases.

Figure 3

Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the nuclear ITS sequence of the J. excelsa individuals. Samples from the Crimean Peninsula are listed in Supplementary Tab. 1. GenBank accessions of other J. excelsa, J. chinensis and J. communis are included (Supplementary Tab. 2). The bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown only (1,000 replicates)
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the nuclear ITS sequence of the J. excelsa individuals. Samples from the Crimean Peninsula are listed in Supplementary Tab. 1. GenBank accessions of other J. excelsa, J. chinensis and J. communis are included (Supplementary Tab. 2). The bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown only (1,000 replicates)

Morphological characteristics used for the evaluation of the Crimean J_ excelsa populations: mean values (M) with standard deviation (SD), minima (Min) and maxima (Max), coefficient of variation (CV), and results of comparisons between populations performed data: Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test between all populations and U Mann-Whitney (UMW) test between montane (M) and coastal (C) population and between eastern (E) and southernmost (S) populations, and basing on the set of individuals means: ANOVA and Student’s t test, respectively based on all data: Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test between all populations and U Mann-Whitney (UMW) test between montane (M) and coastal (C) population and between eastern (E) and southernmost (S) populations, and basing on the set of individuals means: ANOVA and Student’s t test, respectively

Code Character Mean ± SD Min Max CV [%] F ANOVA KW P comparison M-C comparison E-S
F test t UMW P F test t UMW P
CL Length of cone [mm] 9.1 ± 1.08 6.45 12.71 11.86 3.57* 0.00* 2.32 0.29 1.03 0.25
CD Diameter of cone [mm] 8.83 ± 1.15 6.31 13.23 13.04 3.60* 0.00* 2.11 0.46 1.21 0.09
CSN Number of cone scales 7.59 ± 0.99 6.00 10.00 13.04 2.03 0.00* 2.15 0.68 14.99* 0.00*
SN Number of seeds 6.04 ± 1.66 2.00 11.00 27.46 1.12 0.10 1.23 0.02* 1.30 0.74
SL Length of seed [mm] 4.77 ± 0.59 3.19 6.37 12.32 1.86 0.00* 1.04 0.08 1.34 0.19
SW Width of seed [mm] 3.06 ± 0.50 1.81 4.54 16.38 3.64* 0.00* 2.13 0.03* 1.55 0.00*
LN Number of leaves 20.33 ± 4.02 12.00 34.00 19.78 5.79* 0.00* 2.57* 0.00* 1.62 0.00*
ST Thickness of the last ramification shoot with leaves [mm] 0.76 ± 0.10 0.54 1.07 12.94 6.28* 0.00* 1.88 0.44 1.01 0.23
CL/CD Ratio of length of cone/diameter of cone 1.04 ± 0.07 0.87 1.27 6.90 1.69 0.00* 1.00 0.00* 1.18 0.28
SL/SW Ratio of length of seed/width of seed 1.59 ± 0.26 1.09 2.57 16.19 2.67* 0.00* 1.85* 0.00* 2.74 0.00*
CD/SN Ratio of diameter of cone/number of seeds 1.56 ± 0.43 0.84 3.29 27.53 0.96 0.01* 1.14 0.00* 1.12 0.16
CD/SW Ratio of diameter of cone/width of seed 2.93 ± 0.44 1.94 4.35 15.12 0.80 0.07 1.03 0.03* 1.02 0.10
CL/SL Ratio of length of cone/length of seed 1.93 ± 0.23 1.51 2.71 11.95 0.54 0.04 1.57 0.18 2.17 0.03*
CSN/CD Ratio of number of cone scales/diameter of cone 0.87 ± 0.13 0.58 1.27 14.63 0.76 0.01* 1.55 0.62 1.40 0.26
CD/ST Ratio of diameter of cone/number of seeds 11.87 ± 6.85 6.85 18.77 20.48 7.54* 0.00* 3.55 0.36 2.89 0.02*
LN/ST Ratio of number of leaves/thickness of the last ramification shoot with leaves 27.27 ± 3.64 13.64 53.97 24.29 4.11* 0.00* 1.01* 0.00* 1.35* 0.00*

Number of individuals (Nind), haplotypes of two polymorphic cpDNA sequences: trnD-trnT and trnH-psbA and haplotype diversity (Hd) in the populations of J_ excelsa sampled in the Crimean Peninsula

Population Nind Number of cpDNA haplotypes Hd
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10
Kara Dag 5 4 – 1 – – – – – – – 0.400
Sudak 5 3 – – – – – – – 1 1 0.700
Uzundza 5 3 – – – – – 1 1 – – 0.700
Fiolent 5 2 1 – – 1 1 – – – – 0.900
Nikita 10 8 2 – – – – – – – – 0.356
Bogatoye Ushelye 4 4 – – – – – – – – 0.000
Laspy 10 7 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0.533
Chatyr Dag 4 4 – – – – – – – – – 0.000
Total 48 35 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sampled populations of J_ excelsa in Crimea

Population Geographical position No. of specimens analyzed Longitude N Latitude E Altitude Collector
biometry1 genetics
Kara Dag eastern coastal 1/10 (4/4/56) 5 44°54′52.97″ 35°12′55.18″ 234 O. Kukushkin, Yu. Krasylenko
Sudak 12 (36) 5 44°50′32.92″ 34°56′37.11″ 139 Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin
Uzundza montane 10 (50) 5 44°27′47.9″ 33°52′09.4″ 768–770 Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin
Fiolent southern coastal 5 (25) 5 44°30′15.3″ 33°30′29.0″ 55 Yu. Krasylenko, O. Kukushkin
Nikita 10 (50) 10 44°30′25.09″ 34°14′52.28″ 50 S. Sadogurska, Yu. Krasylenko
Bogatoye Ushelye montane 4 (4) 4 44°32′05.56″ 33°51′23.24″ 700–770 O. Kukushkin
Laspy southern coastal 9 (36) 10 44°25′09.25″ 33°40′36.57″ 50 S. Sadogurska, Yu. Krasylenko
Chatyr Dag montane 4 (40) 4 44°48′02.63″ 34°19′16.36″ 650–1000 O. Kukuskin, Yu. Krasylenko
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