Juniperus excelsa s. str. in crimea – differentiation and history inferred from genetic and morphological markers

Adams, R.P. 2014. Juniper of the World: The genus Juniperus. 4th ed. Trafford Publishing Co., Victoria, BC, USA. AdamsR.P 2014 Juniper of the World: The genus Juniperus 4th ed Trafford Publishing Co. Victoria, BC, USA Search in Google Scholar

Adams, R.P. 2016. Two new cases of chloroplast capture in incongruent topologies in the Juniperus excelsa complex: J. excelsa var. turcomanica comb. nov. and J. excelsa var. seravschanica comb. nov. Phytologia, 98, 219–231. AdamsR.P 2016 Two new cases of chloroplast capture in incongruent topologies in the Juniperus excelsa complex: J. excelsa var. turcomanica comb. nov. and J. excelsa var. seravschanica comb. nov Phytologia 98 219 231 Search in Google Scholar

Adams, R.P., Douaihy, B., Dou Dagher-Kharrat, M., Schwarzbach, A.E., Farzaliyev, V. 2014. Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa and J. polycarpos from Greece, Turkey, Lebanon and Azerbaijan. Phytologia, 96, 89–95. AdamsR.P DouaihyB. Dou Dagher-KharratM. SchwarzbachA.E FarzaliyevV. 2014 Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa and J. polycarpos from Greece, Turkey, Lebanon and Azerbaijan Phytologia 96 89 95 Search in Google Scholar

Adams, R.P. et al. 2016. Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa: Analysis of new records from Bulgaria, Cyprus and southwestern Turkey. Phytologia, 98, 1–7. AdamsR.P 2016 Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa: Analysis of new records from Bulgaria, Cyprus and southwestern Turkey Phytologia 98 1 7 Search in Google Scholar

Adams, R.P., Kauffmann, M.E. 2010. Variation in nrDNA and cpDNA of Juniperus californica, J. grandis, J. occidentalis and J. osteosperma (Cupressaceae). Phytologia, 92, 966–976. AdamsR.P KauffmannM.E 2010 Variation in nrDNA and cpDNA of Juniperus californica, J. grandis, J. occidentalis and J. osteosperma (Cupressaceae) Phytologia 92 966 976 Search in Google Scholar

Avise, J.C. 2000. Phylogeography: The history and formation of species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. AviseJ.C 2000 Phylogeography: The history and formation of species Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA 10.2307/j.ctv1nzfgj7 Search in Google Scholar

Cameron, R.A.D., Pokryszko, B.M., Horsák, M. 2013. Forest snail faunas from Crimea (Ukraine), an isolated and incomplete Pleistocene refugium. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 109, 424–433. CameronR.A.D. PokryszkoB.M HorsákM. 2013 Forest snail faunas from Crimea (Ukraine), an isolated and incomplete Pleistocene refugium Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 424 433 10.1111/bij.12040 Search in Google Scholar

Cordova, C.E. 2007. Holocene Mediterranization of the southern Crimean vegetation: paleoecological record, regional climate change, and possible non–climatic influences. In: The Black See Flood Question. Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement (eds. V. Yanko-Hombach, A.S. Gilbet, N. Panin, P.M. Dolukhanov). Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 319–344. CordovaC.E 2007 Holocene Mediterranization of the southern Crimean vegetation: paleoecological record, regional climate change, and possible non–climatic influences In: The Black See Flood Question. Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement eds. Yanko-HombachV. GilbetA.S. PaninN. DolukhanovP.M. Springer, Dordrecht The Netherlands 319 344 10.1007/978-1-4020-5302-3_13 Search in Google Scholar

Cordova, C.E. 2016. The Mediterraneanization of Crimea. Méditerranea, 126, 25–36. CordovaC.E 2016 The Mediterraneanization of Crimea Méditerranea 126 25 36 10.5040/9780755620081.ch-012 Search in Google Scholar

De Soto, L. et al. 2014. Different growth sensitivity to climate of the conifer Juniperus thurifera on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea. International Journal of Biometeorology, 58, 2095–2109. De SotoL. 2014 Different growth sensitivity to climate of the conifer Juniperus thurifera on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea International Journal of Biometeorology 58 2095 2109 10.1007/s00484-014-0811-y24659114 Search in Google Scholar

Didukh, Y.P. 1992. Vegetation cover of Crimean Mountains (in Ukrainian). Naukova Dumka, Kiev. DidukhY.P 1992 Vegetation cover of Crimean Mountains (in Ukrainian) Naukova Dumka Kiev Search in Google Scholar

Didukh, Y.P., Mala, Yu.I., Pashkevich, N.A., Fitsailo, T.V., Khodosovtsev, O.E. 2016. Biotopes of the Crimean Mountains (in Ukrainian). Interservis, Kyiv. DidukhY.P. MalaYu.I. PashkevichN.A. FitsailoT.V. KhodosovtsevO.E. 2016 Biotopes of the Crimean Mountains (in Ukrainian) Interservis Kyiv Search in Google Scholar

Douaihy, B. et al. 2012. Morphological versus molecular markers to describe variability in Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa (Cupressaceae). AOB Plants, 2012:pls013. DouaihyB. 2012 Morphological versus molecular markers to describe variability in Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa (Cupressaceae) AOB Plants 2012:pls013. 10.1093/aobpla/pls013335705422822421 Search in Google Scholar

Douaihy, B., Vendramin, G.G., Boratyński, A., Machon, N., Bou Dagher-Kharrat, M. 2011. High genetic diversity with moderate differentiation in Juniperus excelsa from Lebanon and the East Mediterranean Region. AoB Plants, 2012, pls013. DouaihyB. VendraminG.G BoratyńskiA. MachonN. Bou Dagher-KharratM. 2011 High genetic diversity with moderate differentiation in Juniperus excelsa from Lebanon and the East Mediterranean Region AoB Plants 2012, pls013. 10.1093/aobpla/plr003306450822476474 Search in Google Scholar

Drescher, A., Prots, B., Yena, A. 2007. Notes on Crimean Flora (Botanical Excursion on the Crimean Peninsula, 2004). Fritschiana, 55, 9–70. DrescherA. ProtsB. YenaA. 2007 Notes on Crimean Flora (Botanical Excursion on the Crimean Peninsula, 2004) Fritschiana 55 9 70 Search in Google Scholar

Excoffier, L., Lischer, H.E.L. 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 64–567. ExcoffierL. LischerH.E.L. 2010 Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows Molecular Ecology Resources 10 64 567 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x21565059 Search in Google Scholar

Farjon, A. 2005. A Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. FarjonA. 2005 A Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys Royal Botanical Gardens Kew Search in Google Scholar

Fouache, E., Kelterbaum, D., Brückner, H., Lericolais, G., Porotov, A., Dikarev, V. 2012. The Late Holocene evolution of the Black Sea – a critical view on the so called Phanagorian regression. Quaternary International, 266, 162–174. FouacheE. KelterbaumD. BrücknerH. LericolaisG. PorotovA. DikarevV. 2012 The Late Holocene evolution of the Black Sea – a critical view on the so called Phanagorian regression Quaternary International 266 162 174 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.008 Search in Google Scholar

Fu, Y-X. 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics, 147, 915–925. FuY-X. 1997 Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection Genetics 147 915 925 10.1093/genetics/147.2.91512082089335623 Search in Google Scholar

Fu, Y-X., Li, W.H. 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics, 133, 693–709. FuY-X. LiW.H 1993 Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations Genetics 133 693 709 10.1093/genetics/133.3.69312053538454210 Search in Google Scholar

Grivet, D., Heinze, B., Vendramin, G., Petit, R. 2001. Genome walking with consensus primers: application to the large single copy region of chloroplast DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 1, 345–349. GrivetD. HeinzeB. VendraminG. PetitR. 2001 Genome walking with consensus primers: application to the large single copy region of chloroplast DNA Molecular Ecology Notes 1 345 349 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00107.x Search in Google Scholar

Hall, T.A. 1999. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98. HallT.A 1999 BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41 95 98 Search in Google Scholar

Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., Yano, T. 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 22, 160–174. HasegawaM. KishinoH. YanoT. 1985 Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA Journal of Molecular Evolution 22 160 174 10.1007/BF021016943934395 Search in Google Scholar

Hojjati, F., Kazempour-Osaloo, Sh., Adams, R.P., Assadi, M. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of Juniperus in Iran with special reference to the J. excelsa complex, focusing on J. seravschanica. Phytotaxa, 375, 135–157. HojjatiF. Kazempour-OsalooSh. AdamsR.P AssadiM. 2018 Molecular phylogeny of Juniperus in Iran with special reference to the J. excelsa complex, focusing on J. seravschanica Phytotaxa 375 135 157 10.11646/phytotaxa.375.2.1 Search in Google Scholar

Korshikov, I.I., Nikolaeva, A.V. 2013. Genetic variability of tall junipers (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) on the northern and southern boundaries of their natural distribution. Cytology and Genetics, 47, 156–163. KorshikovI.I NikolaevaA.V 2013 Genetic variability of tall junipers (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) on the northern and southern boundaries of their natural distribution Cytology and Genetics 47 156 163 10.3103/S0095452713030043 Search in Google Scholar

Korshikov, I.I., Nikolaeva, A.V., Kuzneco,v M.E. 2015. Variability and viability of the population of tall juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) in Karadag (in Russian). In: 100 years of the Karadag scientific station named after T.I. Vyazemsky: collection of scientific works (eds. A.V. Gaevskaya, A.L. Morozova). N. Orianda, Simferopol, 233–240. KorshikovI.I NikolaevaA.V KuznecovM.E. 2015 Variability and viability of the population of tall juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) in Karadag (in Russian) In: 100 years of the Karadag scientific station named after T.I. Vyazemsky: collection of scientific works eds. GaevskayaA.V. MorozovaA.L. N. Orianda Simferopol 233 240 Search in Google Scholar

Krijgsman, W. et al. 2019. Quaternary time scales for the Pontocaspian domain: Interbasinal connectivity and faunal evolution. Earth–Sciences Reviews, 188, 1–40. KrijgsmanW. 2019 Quaternary time scales for the Pontocaspian domain: Interbasinal connectivity and faunal evolution Earth–Sciences Reviews 188 1 40 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.013 Search in Google Scholar

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. KumarS. StecherG. LiM. KnyazC. TamuraK. 2018 MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms Molecular Biology and Evolution 35 1547 1549 10.1093/molbev/msy096596755329722887 Search in Google Scholar

Magyari, E.K. et al. 2008. The ‘oriental’ component of the Balkan flora: evidence of presence on the Thracian Plain during the Weichselian late-glacial. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 865–883. MagyariE.K 2008 The ‘oriental’ component of the Balkan flora: evidence of presence on the Thracian Plain during the Weichselian late-glacial Journal of Biogeography 35 865 883 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01849.x Search in Google Scholar

Mao, K., Hao, G., Liu, J., Adams, R.P., Milne, R.I. 2010. Diversification and biogeography of Juniperus (Cupressaceae): variable diversification rates and multiple intercontinental dispersals. New Phytologist, 188, 254–272. MaoK. HaoG. LiuJ. AdamsR.P MilneR.I 2010 Diversification and biogeography of Juniperus (Cupressaceae): variable diversification rates and multiple intercontinental dispersals New Phytologist 188 254 272 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03351.x20561210 Search in Google Scholar

Marcysiak, K. et al. 2007. Numerical taxonomy of Juniperus thurifera, J. excelsa and J. foetidissima (Cupressaceae) based on morphological characters. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 483–495. MarcysiakK. 2007 Numerical taxonomy of Juniperus thurifera, J. excelsa and J. foetidissima (Cupressaceae) based on morphological characters Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 155 483 495 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00730.x Search in Google Scholar

Mazur, M. et al. 2004. Low level of interpopulational differentiation in Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. (Cupressaceae). Dendrobiology, 52, 39–46. MazurM. 2004 Low level of interpopulational differentiation in Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. (Cupressaceae) Dendrobiology 52 39 46 Search in Google Scholar

Mazur, M. et al. 2010. Intra-specific differentiation of Juniperus phoenicea in the western Mediterranean region revealed in morphological multivariate analysis. Dendrobiology, 63, 21–31. MazurM. 2010 Intra-specific differentiation of Juniperus phoenicea in the western Mediterranean region revealed in morphological multivariate analysis Dendrobiology 63 21 31 Search in Google Scholar

Mazur, M., Minissale, P., Sciandrello, S., Boratyński, A. 2016. Morphological and ecological comparison of populations of Juniperus turbinata Guss. and J. phoenicea L. from the Mediterranean region. Plant Biosystems, 150, 313–322. MazurM. MinissaleP. SciandrelloS. BoratyńskiA. 2016 Morphological and ecological comparison of populations of Juniperus turbinata Guss. and J. phoenicea L. from the Mediterranean region Plant Biosystems 150 313 322 10.1080/11263504.2014.994579 Search in Google Scholar

Mazur, M. et al. 2018. Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Juniperus phoenicea agg. based on cone, seed, and needle characteristics. Systematics and Biodiversity, 16, 1–14. MazurM. 2018 Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Juniperus phoenicea agg. based on cone, seed, and needle characteristics Systematics and Biodiversity 16 1 14 10.1080/14772000.2018.1439120 Search in Google Scholar

Ozkan, K., Gulsoy, S., Aerts, R., Muys, B. 2010. Site properties for Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa) in semi-natural forests of south western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 97–100. OzkanK. GulsoyS. AertsR. MuysB. 2010 Site properties for Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa) in semi-natural forests of south western Anatolia, Turkey Journal of Environmental Biology 31 97 100 Search in Google Scholar

Pellizzari, E., Pividori, M., Carrer, M. 2014. Winter precipitation effect in a mid-latitude temperature-limited environment: the case of common juniper at high elevation in the Alps. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 104021. PellizzariE. PividoriM. CarrerM. 2014 Winter precipitation effect in a mid-latitude temperature-limited environment: the case of common juniper at high elevation in the Alps Environmental Research Letters 9 104021 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104021 Search in Google Scholar

Ronquist, F. et al. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542. RonquistF. 2012 MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space Systematic Biology 61 539 542 10.1093/sysbio/sys029332976522357727 Search in Google Scholar

Rozas, J. et al. 2017. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34, 3299–3302. RozasJ. 2017 DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 3299 3302 10.1093/molbev/msx24829029172 Search in Google Scholar

Shaw, J. et al. 2005. The tortoise and hare II: relative utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. American Journal of Botany, 92, 142–166. ShawJ. 2005 The tortoise and hare II: relative utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis American Journal of Botany 92 142 166 10.3732/ajb.92.1.14221652394 Search in Google Scholar

Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, T.J. 2003. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. WH Freeman & Co, New York. SokalR.R RohlfT.J 2003 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research WH Freeman & Co New York Search in Google Scholar

Sun, Y. et al. 2019. Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia. PeerJ, 7, e6194. SunY. 2019 Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia PeerJ 7 e6194 10.7717/peerj.6194633094530648018 Search in Google Scholar

Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Patou, G., Bouvet, J. 1991. Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Molecular Biology, 17, 1105–1109. TaberletP. GiellyL. PatouG. BouvetJ. 1991 Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA Plant Molecular Biology 17 1105 1109 10.1007/BF000371521932684 Search in Google Scholar

Tajima, F. 1989. Statistical methods to test for nucleotide mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123, 585–595. TajimaF. 1989 Statistical methods to test for nucleotide mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism Genetics 123 585 595 10.1093/genetics/123.3.58512038312513255 Search in Google Scholar

Tamura, K. 1992. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition–transversion and G+C content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9, 678–687. TamuraK. 1992 Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition–transversion and G+C content biases Molecular Biology and Evolution 9 678 687 Search in Google Scholar

Yena, An., Yena, Al., Yena, V. 2005. “Stankiewicz pine” in Crimea: some new taxonomical, chorological and paleo-landscape considerations. Dendrobiology, 53, 63–69. YenaAn. YenaAl. YenaV. 2005 “Stankiewicz pine” in Crimea: some new taxonomical, chorological and paleo-landscape considerations Dendrobiology 53 63 69 Search in Google Scholar

Zalewska-Gałosz, J., Ronikier, M., Kaplan, Z. 2010. Discovery of a new, recurrently formed Potamogeton hybrid in Europe and Africa: molecular evidence and morphological comparison of different clones. Taxon, 59, 559–566. Zalewska-GałoszJ. RonikierM. KaplanZ. 2010 Discovery of a new, recurrently formed Potamogeton hybrid in Europe and Africa: molecular evidence and morphological comparison of different clones Taxon 59 559 566 10.1002/tax.592020 Search in Google Scholar

Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis, 4th ed. Prentice–Hall, New Jersey. ZarJ.H 1999 Biostatistical analysis 4th ed Prentice–Hall New Jersey Search in Google Scholar