Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as alternative methods of early identification of pathogens causing catheter-related bloodstream infections of patients in ICU
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Fig. 1
The surface area of brand new catheters with visible grooves (a) AFM image, scan area – 10 ×10 μm, colour scale 500 nm. (b) SEM image, horizontal side of the image – 8.3 μm
Fig. 2
An AFM image (a) and SEM images (b, c) of the catheter surface – Staphylococcus spp. covered with biofilm. The scales are shown in the pictures
Fig. 3
SEM images of the catheter: (a) formation of biofilm by connecting bacteria using exopolysaccharide skeleton (b) Staphylococcus spp. colonies covered with biofilm
Fig. 4
SEM images of the catheter: (a) Typical colonies of bacteria from the Staphylococcus group. (b) No biofilm was detected at high magnification
Fig. 5
An SEM image of the catheter. Bacteria can be seen in the morphology of Bacillus spp
Fig. 6
An SEM image of the catheter: Morganella morganii, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis in a catheter tip culture, biofilm
Fig. 7
An SEM image of the catheter: Staphylococcus haemoliticus in a catheter tip culture, biofilm
Fig. 8
An SEM image of the catheter: Morganella morganii, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus, Staphylococcus epidermidis in a catheter tip culture, biofilm