<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Lucky bamboo (<italic>Dracaena braunii</italic>) is a popular ornamental plant in Iraq. Individuals of this plant showing stem and root rot symptoms were observed during a survey conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 in several nurseries in Kerbala province, Iraq. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the pathogen was identified as <italic>Fusarium proliferatum</italic>. This is the first report of stem and root rot caused by <italic>F. proliferatum</italic> on lucky bamboo (<italic>D. braunii</italic>) in Iraq.</abstract>

First report of <italic>Fusarium proliferatum</italic> causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (<italic>Dracaena braunii</italic>) in Iraq

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode <italic>Meloidogyne javanica</italic> is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to <italic>M. javanica</italic> was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (<italic>Physalis alkekengi</italic> L.), chamomile (<italic>Matricaria chamomilla</italic> L.), English plantain (<italic>Plantago lanceolata</italic> L.), fennel (<italic>Foeniculum vulgare</italic> Mill.), garden anchusa (<italic>Anchusa italica</italic> Retz.), horehound (<italic>Marrubium vulgare</italic> L.), lovage (<italic>Levisticum officinale</italic> L.), sorrel (<italic>Rumex acetosella</italic> L.), thistle (<italic>Echinops adenocaulos</italic> Boiss.) and woundwort (<italic>Stachys pilifera</italic> Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.</abstract>

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture

Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture

Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode <italic>Meloidogyne javanica</italic>

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The white peach scale, <italic>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</italic> Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the most important and destructive polyphagous pests of the Rosaceae family trees. Population fluctuations and biodiversity of the hymenopteran parasitoid species associated with the pest were studied in six kiwi orchards in Iran, during one-year period. Parasitoid species abundance, species diversity indices and evenness indices were calculated. Most of the parasitoid species were dominant or eudominant. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the Najarkola region had high diversity and the Kharatkola region had low diversity. The Paeendasteh region (based on Simpson’s Diversity on Camargo evenness indices) and the Samnakola region (based on the modified Nee, and on Smith and Wilson evenness indices) were less uniform. Among the recorded parasitoids, <italic>Encarsia berlesei</italic> Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), followed by <italic>Aphytis proclia</italic> Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), had the highest population in all orchards.</abstract>

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yard Branch

Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, <italic>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona</italic> (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This is the first record of <italic>Chymomyza procnemoides</italic> (Wheeler, 1952) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Turkey. The specimens were obtained from bottle bait traps on apple, pear and plum fruit trees at the Uşak province in 2017.</abstract>

First record of <italic>Chymomyza procnemoides</italic> (Wheeler) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Turkish fauna

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on <italic>Meloidogyne incognita</italic> were investigated under <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality <italic>in vitro</italic>, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality <italic>in vitro,</italic> significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.</abstract>

Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha)

Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory

Investigating the <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, <italic>Meloidogyne incognita</italic>

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Hellenic Plant Protection Journal

 The Hellenic Plant Protection Journal (HPPJ) (ISSN 1791-3691) is the scientific publication of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) replacing the Annals of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (ISSN 1790-1480) which had been published since 1935. Starting from January 2008, the Hellenic Plant Protection Journal is published semiannually, in January and July each year.  HPPJ publishes scientific work on all aspects of plant health and plant protection referring to plant pathogens, pests, weeds, pesticides and relevant environmental and safety issues. In addition, the topics of the journal extend to aspects related to pests of public health in agricultural and urban areas.  Papers submitted for publication can be either in the form of a complete research article or in the form of a sufficiently documented short communication (including new records). Only original articles which have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere are considered for publication in the journal. Review articles in related topics, either submitted or invited by the Editorial Board, are also published, normally one article per issue. Upon publication all articles are copyrighted by the BPI.  Manuscripts should be prepared according to instructions available to authors and submitted in electronic form through Editorial Manager. All submitted manuscripts are considered and published after successful completion of a review procedure by two competent referees.  The content of the articles published in HPPJ reflects the view and the official position of the authors. The information and opinions contained herein have not been adopted or approved by the HPPJ Editorial Board. The HPPJ Editorial Board neither guarantees the accuracy of the information included in the published articles nor may be held responsible for the use to which information contained herein may be put.  For all parties involved in the act of publishing (the author(s), the journal editor(s), the peer reviewers, and the publisher) it is necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior. HPPJ follows the ethics statements of De Gruyter journals, which are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Code of Conduct guidelines available at www.publicationethics.org.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal

Volume 12 (2019): Issue 1 (January 2019)

First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) in Iraq

Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Biodiversity and population fluctuations of parasitoids of the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in kiwifruit orchards in Northern Iran

First record of Chymomyza procnemoides (Wheeler) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Turkish fauna

Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

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