The Journal of Mendel University in Brno

European Countryside

European Countryside ONL

Institute of Rural Studies, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute – Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig,

CSc., Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno,

CSc., Department of Environmental Geography, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Ostrava, Drobného 28, 60200 Brno,

<article-title>The Small Town in Rural Areas as an Underresearched Type of Settlement. Editors’ Introduction to the Special Issue</article-title>

The Small Town in Rural Areas as an Underresearched Type of Settlement. Editors’ Introduction to the Special Issue

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Small towns play a key role in providing services for its wider hinterland. However, emerging economic importance of the largest agglomerations and increasing involvement of settlements in urban networks have transformed a relationship between the size of settlements and their expected urban function. In this context, the concepts of “borrowed size” and “agglomeration shadow” serve to explain the impact of network externalities on urban function but pay a little attention to service function of small towns. The paper aims at revealing the extent to which the provision of services is determined by location of small towns within a regional urban system strongly affected by a metropolitan area. The results show coexisting occurrence of the processes of borrowed size and agglomeration shadow and the importance of tourist and commercial attractiveness of particular places (towns) to final provision of services.</abstract>

Abstract

Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno,

Key words

<article-title>Small Towns in the Context of “Borrowed Size” and “Agglomeration Shadow” Debates: the Case of the South Moravian Region (Czech Republic)</article-title>

Small Towns in the Context of “Borrowed Size” and “Agglomeration Shadow” Debates: the Case of the South Moravian Region (Czech Republic)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The paper analyses the position of small towns in the Czech settlement system. It deals with the definition of small towns, their geographical positions, demographic characteristics and functions in the national settlement system. A typology of small towns aimed at individual pillars of their sustainability is one of the results of the paper. The article discusses the position of small towns as part of the urban world and their position as a part of the countryside. It concludes that small towns are functionally important as rural centres. However, differences between urban and rural seem to be less important than differences among individual types of the Czech countryside (suburban, intermediate, inner periphery, borderland).</abstract>

Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences Ostrava, v.v.i., Department of Environmental Geography, 602 00 Brno, Drobného 28,

Keywords

<article-title>Between Urban and Rural: Sustainability of Small Towns in the Czech Republic</article-title>

Between Urban and Rural: Sustainability of Small Towns in the Czech Republic

{"article-title":"Between Urban and Rural: Sustainability of Small Towns in the Czech Republic"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Small towns, compared to larger cities, are specific group of municipalities with weaker performance in many spheres of socio-economic development. The aim of the paper is to comprehensively evaluate development of twelve small towns in the region of East Slovakia over the centuries up to present. The paper deals with question how their demographic and economic developments have been reciprocally influenced under particular historical circumstances. Using various sources of statistical data and employing traditional historical, mathematical-statistical and cartographical methods, regularities and patterns were identified that enabled us to categorize small towns and evaluate their development trajectories and current roles in the settlement system. In the most cases, they are still valid nodes for their hinterlands even though their past situation has been unfavourable.</abstract>

Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jasenná 5, 040 01 Košice,

<article-title>Development Trajectories of Small Towns in East Slovakia</article-title>

Development Trajectories of Small Towns in East Slovakia

{"article-title":"Development Trajectories of Small Towns in East Slovakia"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This article is based on a renewed, unified functional definition of France’s urban hierarchy. Our ranking defines small towns exclusively in terms of their commercial and service functions, not according to size (population or jobs). Accordingly small towns are characterized by their function both in terms of education (presence of a high school), healthcare (a hospital with an operating theatre) and trade (a supermarket with floorspace exceeding 2,500 square metres). The population of small French towns identified using these criteria ranges from 6,200 to 35,500, with 3,500 to 19,000 jobs, depending on their regional context. Large hub-bourgs, defined as places hosting a secondary school, supermarket and nursing home, emerge as the lower limit of the urban world, interfacing with the countryside. In several ways they might count as ‘very small towns’, with a population ranging from 2,400 to 13,500, and 1,000 to 4,700 jobs. The article then analyses the population dynamic of small towns in mainland France over the past 50 years. This period has witnessed far-reaching changes: an urban then metropolitan model has gradually taken shape and gathered strength. In recent years this process has gone hand-in-hand with the demographic renewal of rural areas.</abstract>

PhD. University lecturer, University: Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement, Université de Nantes (Igarun), France

CNRS - UMR 6590 ESO, Postal address: Igarun, Campus du Tertre BP 81 227, 44312 Nantes cedex 3,

PhD. University lecturer, University of Grenoble-Alpes, France

CNRS - UMR 5194 PACTE, Postal adress: Institut de Géographie Alpine, 14 bis avenue Marie Reynoard, 38100 Grenoble,

<article-title>The Dynamics Of Small Towns In France</article-title>

{"article-title":"The Dynamics Of Small Towns In France"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The paper explores the role of small towns in the Mazovia region in Poland which is both characterized by rural areas and the suburban zone of Warsaw. The analysis of changes in the local labour markets reveals that microregions formed by small peripheral towns were more resistant to changes than those located in the suburban area of Warsaw. The latter were absorbed by the capital city whose zone of influence expanded in the detriment of adjacent small towns and their microregions. Using the concept of exogenous functions performed by small towns, we also shed light on their role with regard to the surrounding areas (with dominant agricultural function) in the past decade. The values of the service concentration index (SCI) and the level of population concentration showed that the majority of services to local and neighbouring inhabitants were delivered in small county towns located in the periphery. On the other hand, small county towns located in the vicinity of Warsaw mainly provided services to their inhabitants.</abstract>

Department of Rural Geography and Local Development, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51-55, 00-818 Warszawa

Department of Rural Geography and Local Development, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51-55, 00-818 Warszawa,

Department of Urban and Population Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51-55, 00-818 Warszawa,

<article-title>The Impact Of Location On The Role Of Small Towns In Regional Development: Mazovia, Poland</article-title>

The Impact Of Location On The Role Of Small Towns In Regional Development: Mazovia, Poland

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Self-promotion and reinterpretation of local identity is becoming increasingly important in rural communities. Local identity building is succeeded very differently by rural municipalities and regions. The paper analyses the role of small towns in local identity creation. There are varying interpretations of places in Hungary as ways of achieving meaningful territorialisation. Small towns based on their leading and central position within the micro regions can dominate the place-making processes. Using the example of six Hungarian rural micro-regions we analyse how rural small towns position themselves by local image building. The aim of this paper is to investigate interactions between territorial position and innovative capacity of rural towns through the analysis of symbolisation process and image building. We purpose to introduce a concept of a place oriented approach and demonstrate its usefulness for analysis of rural innovation and place-based development. The case-studies are based on qualitative methods: document-analysis, semi-structured interviews, transect walking and participatory observation. The paper analyses the process of local community and identity building in six rural micro-regions. We seek to understand how small towns position themselves in place-making, the aim of ‘placing’ themselves in the territorial hierarchy of the settlements of micro region. Our results suggest that small towns play very different roles in local image building. Characteristics and territorial scope of local cultural heritage significantly determine the innovative capacity of small towns in local image building where there is a wide range of meanings procedures and processes of place-making.</abstract>

Senior research fellow, Institute for Sociology of HAS Centre for Social Sciences, Országház u. 30, H-1014 Budapest,

<article-title>The Role of Small Towns in Local Place Making</article-title>

The Role of Small Towns in Local Place Making

{"article-title":"The Role of Small Towns in Local Place Making"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> A study is made of the significance of small towns in the process of urbanisation of Wielkopolska, a region situated in the western part of Poland. The analysis is conducted in both, a dynamic and a static approach, and covers two aspects of urbanisation: demographic and spatial. The basic period examined embraces the years 2000-2015. What is visible in the set of Wielkopolska towns is the depopulation of its core city, Poznań, accompanied by an increase in the population of small units located in its suburban zone. There is an upward tendency in the population number also in selected size classes of small Wielkopolska towns, which demonstrates that in this case we cannot speak of a crisis of small towns since they play an important role in the process of urbanisation of the region. In the recent years, increasingly important in this process, especially at the local level, has been the appearance of new towns set up as a result of the restitution of municipal rights.</abstract>

Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management of Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań,

<article-title>Significance of Small Towns in the Process of Urbanisation of the Wielkopolska Region (Poland)</article-title>

Significance of Small Towns in the Process of Urbanisation of the Wielkopolska Region (Poland)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The study presented in this paper deals with the definition and role of small towns in the spatial development of the Republic of Serbia. An analysis of the profiles of small towns was performed and they were compared based on their spatial and population characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the role of small towns in the development of settlement networks and the balanced population development of a country as a whole by identifying their specific features and establishing a ranking of their importance in local and regional contexts.</abstract>

ResearchAssociate MSc, Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade,

Research Associate, Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade,

Research Associate Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade,

<article-title>Small Towns in Serbia – The “Bridge” Between the Urban and the Rural</article-title>

Small Towns in Serbia – The “Bridge” Between the Urban and the Rural

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Editor-in-Chief: Milada Stastna, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Managing Editor: Antonin Vaishar, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Editorial Advisory Board: Jerzy Banski, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland Tatiana Borodina, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Alexandre Dubois, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden Josef Eitzinger, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria Elisabete Figueiredo, University of Aveiro, Portugal Tamas Hardi, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Regional Studies, West Hungarian Research Department Györ and Széchenyi István University Györ, Hungary Costela Iordache, University of Craiova, Romania Roderick J. Lawrence, University of Geneva, Switzerland Marie-Claude Maurel, EHESS Paris, France Danny Markus, US Department of Agriculture, USA Cennet Oguz, Selcuk University Konya, Turkey Hannes Palang, University of Tallinn, Estonia Andreas Panagopoulos, Land Reclamation Institute Sindos, Greece Bas Pedroli, Alterra Wageningen, the Netherlands Marina Pintar, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Elenica Pjero, University of Ismail Qemali Vlore Antonio Raschi, C.N.R. - Ibimet Firenze, Italy Eileen O´Rourke, University College Cork, Ireland Roberta Sisto, University of Foggia, Italy Michael Sofer, Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel Peter Spisiak, Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice, Slovakia Annett Steinfuhrer, Thunen Institute for Rural Studies Braunschweig, Germany Antoni Francesc Tulla Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Gintare Vaznoniene, Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas, Lithuania Michael Woods, University of Wales Aberystwyth, United Kingdom Executive Board Martin Culek, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Barbora Duzi, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences Ostrava, Czechia Jitka Fialova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Tomas Hlavsa, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information Prague, Czechia Vladan Hruska, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University Usti nad Labem, Czechia Igor Kyselka, Institute for Spatial Development Brno Simona Miskolci, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Jan Moudry, South-Bohemian University Ceske Budejovice, Czechia Leos Pavlata, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Radim Perlin, Charles University Prague, Czechia Pavel Ptacek, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Katerina Ryglova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Alena Salasova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Vera Svobodova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Magdalena Daria Vaverkova, Mendel Univesrity in Brno, Czechia Hana Vavrouchova, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Lucie Vidovicova, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Jana Zapletalova, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia Pavlina Zrubkova, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czechia Language Editor: Samuel Adeyinka Okubote, Masaryk University Brno, Czechia Technical Editor: Michaela Ticha, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Webmaster: Milan Oulehla, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Librarian: Jana Pokorna, Mendel University in Brno, Czechia Contact European Countryside Mendel University in Brno Faculty of AgriSciences (Department 215) Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic Telephone Milada Stastna: 420 545 132 459 Antonin Vaishar: 420 545 132 461 E-mail: <A href="mailto:eurocountry@seznam.cz">eurocountry@seznam.cz</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

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EXAMPLES Journal paper [journals usually have an ISSN number; when the publication has both ISSN and ISBN numbers, the citation as a book is recommended] cite author(s), year, title, name of the journal, volume, number, pages (or the number of the paper), DOI, e.g. Printsmann, A., Kruse, A. &amp; Roth, M. (2012). Introduction to living in agricultural landscapes: practice, heritage, and identity. European Countryside 4(2), 89–100. DOI: 10.2478/v10091-012-0016-5. Book [book usually has an ISBN number, the relevant data can be found in imprint - not in layout] cite author(s), year, title, place of publication, the publisher, e.g. Basile, E. &amp; Cecchi, C. (2001). La Trasformazione Post-Industriale della Campagna. Torino: Rosenberg &amp; Sellier. Chapter in a book or proceedings cite author(s), year, title, editor(s), name of the book, pages, place of the publication, the publisher; in the case of the proceeding, do not cite redundant data like place and locality of conference (if they are not a part of the title), but cite the Publisher which is usually the university, academic institute or scientific society, but rarely faculty and in fact, never the department, e.g. Vaattovaara, M., Schulman, H. &amp; Kortteinen, M. (2011). A Nordic Welfare model at a turning point? Social housing and segregation in Finland. In Driant, J.-C. &amp; Houard, N., eds., Social housing across the Europe (pp.49–70). Paris: La documentation Francaise. Theses, Research Reports cite author, year, specification of the cited source, the publisher, e.g. Schnaitl, C. (2012). Offentlicher Leerstand in strukturschwachen Gemeinden - was tun? [Master thesis]. Wien: Universitat für Bodenkultur. Reference linking is the most significant benefit of electronic publishing. It allows readers to extend their reading experience immensely. That is why it is important to pay close attention to the references. They should be cited completely, correctly and be properly structured. Quotations of web documents especially papers in journals have to contain the DOI INDEX, if available! Charts, tables, and photos should be placed directly in the text. Tables must be placed in Word format, not as a picture. Remember that English has a decimal point - not a comma. All attachments must be placed on the pages oriented upright so that the reader does not have to turn the monitor sideways. All enclosures have to be numbered, described and introducing the source. European Countryside publishes the following types of contributions: Research Papers, Editorials, Research Notes, Short Communications. Editorials are defined as introductory papers of special numbers. They usually contain an introduction of the number topic, basic theoretical anchoring and an overview of the number papers. Research notes discuss new trends or aspects of a specific rural problem or sum up some research period. They are usually written by leading experts and do not contain any empirical research. Short communications are characterized as articles that are usually not sufficiently based on international literature or lack their own research. However, they are interesting and/or have some quotation potential from a specific viewpoint (e.g. problems of a specific region or a specific field of study not sufficiently covered by scientific literature or some application innovations - best practices) The authors should suggest the type of paper together with its submission. Nevertheless, the Executive Board could change it. The recommended minimum structure of a Research Paper is as follows: Introduction minimal content: the basic context of theme including precise place of concerned area in European (and national) framework (see the three questions at the beginning) clearly defined research objectives, possibly hypotheses, basic argumentation to support the hypotheses if suitable Theoretical background content: This part is mainly based on a critical literature review (regional and foreign authors) including one's own evaluation and interpretation. Theoretical part, research objectives and empirical part (Results) have to be linked. Methodology minimal content: description and justification of the applied methods, data sources, monitored period, etc. a characteristic of the region under study when appropriate Results minimal content: research results with comments, explanation of causal relations, Conclusion and discussion minimal content: summary of research findings, comparison with another region/in European context/other research of authors/another methodological approach etc., comment on the research objectives and hypotheses. It is recommended to divide the manuscript by subtitles in a common structure (introduction, theoretical and methodological background based on international literature, empirical knowledge, conclusion, and discussion, acknowledgments, references). The paper should contain a unifying idea from the introduction to the conclusions). Peer Review process Each paper will pass through an initial evaluation. It involves being checked by the anti-plagiarism program and an initial evaluation from viewpoints of coincidence with the aim and scope of the journal, clear definition of the aim and research question(s) of the paper and its sufficient embedding in the international literature (defined as papers in journals covered by Web of Knowledge or SCOPUS). In the case of a positive initial evaluation, the manuscript is forwarded to the external review process. The journal follows a double-blind reviewing procedure. Manuscripts are evaluated by at least two independent reviewers from different countries. The reviewers can recommend the acceptance of the manuscript in the original version, with minor, with major changes, after substantial reworking or its rejection. The author(s) obtain the reviews with a standpoint or instructions of the Executive Board after the review process is completed. The Executive Board, as a collective body, always decides whether or not to accept the article in the external review process and about the final decision on publication. Editorial Policy European Countryside is an international on-line scientific journal focusing on rural research. It publishes theoretical and empirical articles, considering the multi-functional rural development, regional aspects of rural problems and results of individual disciplines directed towards the countryside. The journal concerns European rural investigations. European Countryside supports European integration processes, collaboration of European experts and the idea of Europe of Regions. Publishing in European Countryside is open for experts from universities, research institutes and other scientific institutions regardless of their nationality, ethnicity or religion. The Journal publishes individual articles, mono-thematic issues, conference papers, articles based on theses or research reports. Only technical criteria as quality, language level and technical competence are decisive for accepting or refection of the article. The Executive Board of the Journal decides on the base of at least two independent reviews. The review process is confidential. The acceptance of the article for publication is conditioned by payment of the publication costs by the authors or their institutions as a rule. On the other hand, all published articles are at disposal free of charge to the widest spectrum of readers. ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE The fee for publishing the Research paper is EUR 120. The fee for other contributions (short communication, research note, editorial) is EUR 95. The fee is reduced for Board of Reviewers members by EUR 25 for each article reviewed.

<DIV align=left> The Journal publishes articles on the European countryside, the rural areas of individual European countries or regions. The multidisciplinary periodical contains papers from an ecology of a rural landscape, rural sociology, demography and gender, multi-functional rural development, agriculture and other branches of the rural economy, impacts of Common Agricultural Policy on rural development, rural geography, rural borderland, rural and agro-tourism, rural settlement, small towns as centres of rural micro-regions, rural planning and architecture, rural collaboration. It prefers complex contributions with rural development issues to articles with narrowly economic or technical issues. </DIV> <DIV align=left> Why subscribe and read European journal is focused on multi-functional problems of the countryside, connecting western and eastern European rural problems and streaming to the common future in unifying Europe. However, special issues focus on selected topics. Those interested in rural development will find theories, methods, drinks and information from various disciplines. Papers are free accessed. Why submit Journal is reviewed according to the standard procedure. The Editorial Board is available to guide the authors through finalizing the contributions. The review process is confidential. The authors will gain unlimited opportunity to be read, quoted and networked for an insignificant amount of money. The journal allows and prefers colour graphics to a reasonable extent without financial surcharges. Article citations can be found in major databases including Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS or Google Scholar. The Cite Score at SCOPUS has been rising steadily since 2012. Rejection Rate <UL> <LI>37% </LI></UL> Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </DIV>

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Volume 8 (2016): Issue 4 (December 2016) Special Issue: Small towns as centres of rural areas, Editors: Annett Steinführer, Antonín Vaishar, Jana Zapletalová

Volume 9 (2017): Issue 1 (March 2017) Special Issue: Role of Water in the Rural Landscape. Special issue editors: Milada Šťastná, Andreas Panagopoulos, Zbyněk Kulhavý.

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Special Heft: Small towns as centres of rural areas, Editors: Annett Steinführer, Antonín Vaishar, Jana Zapletalová

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Volumen 8 (2016): Heft 4 (December 2016)Special Heft: Small towns as centres of rural areas, Editors: Annett Steinführer, Antonín Vaishar, Jana Zapletalová

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Volumen 8 (2016): Heft 4 (December 2016)
Special Heft: Small towns as centres of rural areas, Editors: Annett Steinführer, Antonín Vaishar, Jana Zapletalová