Characterisation of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from wildlife in the northwestern Italian Alps

Fig. 1

Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Y_ enterocolitica strains isolated from wildlife

Antibiotic	1A/O:5 (roe deer)	1A/O:8 (roe deer)	1A/O:5 (red deer)	1A/O:1.2 (red deer)	5/O:3 (Alpine ibex)	1A/N.T. (red fox)	1A/O:9 (red fox)	1B/O:5 (beech marten)
Ampicillin	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic acid	S	S	S	S	R	S	S	S
Erythromycin	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
Gentamicin	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S
Streptomycin	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Enrofloxacin	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Ciprofloxacin	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Nalidixic acid	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Cephalothin	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	S
Tetracycline	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Cefotaxime	S	S	S	S	S	R	S	S
Chloramphenicol	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Cefuroxime	R	R	R	S	S	R	S	R

Whole-genome comparison of the bioserotyped Y_ enterocolitica strains isolated from wild animals with the multi locus sequence type (MLST), core genome (cg) MLST and whole genome (wg) MLST approaches

Source	Bio/serotype	MLST	cgMLST	wgMLST
Roe deer	1A/O:5	649	4721	5608
Roe deer	1A/O:8	650	4724	5610
Red deer	1A/O:5	19	4994	6124
Red deer	1A/O:1.2	362	4722	5609
Alpine ibex	5/O:3	13	4727	5614
Red fox	1A/NT	12	4995	6125
Red fox	1A/O:9	12	4723	5606
Beech marten	1B/O:5	12	4725	5611

Identification and characterisation of wild animals which tested positive for Y_ enterocolitica and the strains isolated from their faeces in the Valle d’Aosta region

Source	Sex	Age	locations Sampling	Subspecies	Bio/serotype	ail	inv	myfA	ystA	ystB	yadA	Yops	hem R	HPI
Roe deer	female	A	Lillianes	enterocolitica 8081	1A/O:5	+				+
Roe deer	female	A	Rhêmes Saint Georges	enterocolitica 8081	1A/O:8	+				+
Red deer	female	A	Saint Rhémy en Bosses	enterocolitica 8081	1A/O:5	+				+
Red deer	female	S	Saint Rhémy en Bosses	enterocolitica 8081	1A/O:1.2	+				+
Alpine ibex	female	A	Ayas	palearctica 105.5R(r)	5/O:3	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
Red fox	male	A	Châtillon	palearctica 105.5R(r)	1A/NT	+	+	+	+				+
Red fox	female	A	Pré Saint Didier	palearctica 105.5R(r)	1A/O:9	+	+	+	+				+
Beech marten	male	Y	Rhêmes Saint Georges	palearctica 105.5R(r)	1B/O:5	+	+	+	+		+	+	+