Lantana charcoal as potent carrier material for Azotobacter chroococcum
, und | 09. Mai 2022
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Article Category: Research Article
Online veröffentlicht: 09. Mai 2022
Seitenbereich: 83 - 91
Eingereicht: 17. Juni 2021
Akzeptiert: 16. Aug. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2021-0008
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© 2021 Mangesh Kumar Mankar et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Standards for the preparation of carrier for Azotobacter biofertilizerTabelle 6. Standards für die Herstellung von Trägern für Azotobacter-Biodünger
| Parameters | Standard | References |
|---|---|---|
| Base material | Solid (moist/dry or granules form) or liquid based | |
| Viable cell count | 5 × 107/g of carrier (CFU). |
|
| pH value | 6.5–7.5 | |
| Moisture % | By weight, 30%–40% for the carrier material | |
| Water retention | High water-holding capacity | |
| Partial size | Passable through 100 meshsieves | |
| Contamination level | None at 10−5 dilution | |
| Strain selection | Strain capable of fixing N2 at least |
Inoculated carrier materials containing various volumes of bacterial liquid culture and amounts of carrier materialsTabelle 1. Inokulierte Trägermaterialien, die verschiedene Volumina an bakterieller Flüssigkultur und Mengen an Trägermaterialien
| Carrier materials | Carrier material (g) | Liquid culture (ml) | Inoculated carrier materials (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| LC | 100 | 205 | 305 |
| WC | 125 | 176 | 301 |
| LN | 174 | 127 | 301 |
| VC | 174 | 126 | 300 |
| FYM | 173 | 130 | 303 |
Performance of Azotobacter chroococcum 5576 regarding plant growth-promoting traits before (i) and after (f) storage period in the carrier LCTabelle 7. Leistung von A. chroococcum 5576 hinsichtlich der pflanzenwachstumsfördernden Merkmale vor (i) und nach (f) Lagerzeit in der Träger-L-Holzkohle
| Plant growth-promoting parameters | Performance (i) | Performance (f) |
|---|---|---|
| NFE (mg per g sucrose consumed) | 12.46 ± 0.35 | 12.45 ± 0.40 |
| PSI | 03.90 ± 0.10 | 03.34 ± 0.09 |
| PSU | 42.75 ± 0.78 | 42.80 ± 0.57 |
Water absorption (holding), retention (% held), and loss (% in 6 months) of different carrier materialsTabelle 3. Wasseraufnahme (Halten), Retention (% gehalten) und Verlust (% in 6 Monaten) verschiedener Trägermaterialien
| Carrier material | Water absorbed (ml) | Water held (%) | Moisture lost (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At the start | After 6 months | |||
| LC | 20.56 ± 0.13e | 205.6 ± 1.38e | 93.13 ± 2.73e | 54.71 ± 1.02e |
| WC | 14.08 ± 0.20d | 140.86 ± 2.33d | 64.86 ± 2.31d | 53.87 ± 2.38d |
| Lignite | 7.35 ± 0.11b | 73.56 ± 1.15b | 44.83 ± 2.84b | 38.90 ± 4.83b |
| VC | 7.26 ± 0.13a | 72.6 ± 1.24a | 41.10 ± 1.61a | 43.48 ± 2.65c |
| FYM | 7.53 ± 0.19c | 75.3 ± 1.90c | 51.33 ± 2.52c | 31.86 ± 2.26a |
| LSD (0.05) | 0.39 | 3.91 | 6.26 | 7.49 |
PGPR (Azotobacter chroococcum 5576) survivability shown as CFU in various carriers as a function of time (days) at room temperatureTabelle 4. Überlebensfähigkeit von PGPR (A. chroococcum 5576) gezeigt als CFU in verschiedenen Trägermaterialien als Funktion der Zeit (Tage) bei Raumtemperatur
| Carrier materials | PGPR CFU (× 107 per g) as obtained after various periods of storage (d) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | |
| LC | 77 ± 8.19e | 147.3 ± 2.30e | 104.3 ± 6.00e | 98.33 ± 9.49e | 77.66 ± 7.83e | 27.00 ± 2.08e | 8.33 ± 1.20e |
| WC | 70.5 ± 3.48d | 90.66 ± 6.64d | 64.33 ± 5.60d | 32.00 ± 4.04d | 18.00 ± 1.73d | 10.66 ± 1.20d | 3.33 ± 0.33d |
| LN | 53.5 ± 2.33c | 82.33 ± 2.96c | 35.66 ± 2.02c | 31.66 ± 2.18c | 22.66 ± 2.02c | 9.33 ± 0.88c | 2.66 ± 0.33c |
| VC | 33.5 ± 2.60a | 46.66 ± 2.90a | 23.33 ± 1.76a | 16.33 ± 1.45a | 10.66 ± 0.88a | 1.66 ± 0.66a | 0.34 ± 0.04a |
| FYM | 47.5 ± 2.02b | 56.66 ± 3.48b | 21.33 ± 1.20b | 17.66 ± 0.88b | 08.33 ± 0.88b | 1.00 ± 0.57b | 0.14 ± 0.02b |
Culture holding coefficients of the selected carrier materialsTabelle 5. Kulturhaltekoeffizient ausgewählter Trägermaterialien
| Carrier materials | LC | WC | Lignite | VC | FYM |
| CHO | 4.69 | 4.36 | 6.70 | 5.50 | 6.50 |
Chemical properties of the selected carrier materialsTabelle 2. Chemische Eigenschaften ausgewählter Trägermaterialien
| Carrier material | N(%) | OC(%) | pH | EC(S/m) | Moisture (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC | 0.78 | 58.60 | 7.36 | 597 | 5.90 | |
| WC | 0.72 | 49.50 | 7.01 | 512 | 7.20 | |
| Lignite | 0.86 | 29.30 | 6.58 | 642 | 9.80 | |
| VC | 1.01 | 25.90 | 7.10 | 370 | 17.58 | |
| FYM | 1.83 | 51.80 | 6.80 | 330 | 15.74 |