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Further evidence of high level of persistence of pediatric bipolar-I disorder from childhood onto young adulthood: a five-year follow up

Janet Wozniak
Janet Wozniak
, 
Rebecca Wolenski
Rebecca Wolenski
, 
Maura Fitzgerald
Maura Fitzgerald
, 
Stephen V. Faraone
Stephen V. Faraone
, 
Gagan Joshi
Gagan Joshi
, 
Mai Uchida
Mai Uchida
 und 
Joseph Biederman
Joseph Biederman
   | 10. Juli 2018
Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology's Cover Image
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Article Category: research-article
Online veröffentlicht: 10. Juli 2018
Seitenbereich: 40 - 51
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-005
Schlüsselwörter
© 2018 Janet Wozniak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Persistence of DSM-IV BP-I in youth at the 5-year follow-up.
Persistence of DSM-IV BP-I in youth at the 5-year follow-up.

Figure 2.

One-year prevalences of comorbid psychiatric disorders.a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission. b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001
One-year prevalences of comorbid psychiatric disorders.a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission. b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001

Figure 3.

Current (last month) global functioning and one-year prevalence of school functioning.a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission.b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005. ***P<0.001
Current (last month) global functioning and one-year prevalence of school functioning.a Compared to syndromatic and symptomatic remission.b Compared to symptomatic persistence. *P<0.05, **P<0.005. ***P<0.001

Figure 4.

Family history (FHx) of psychiatric disorders.
Family history (FHx) of psychiatric disorders.

Demographic characteristics of subjects with syndromatic and symptomatic remission, syndromatic persistence, and syndromatic persistence

 Syndromatic and Symptomatic Remission (N=13)Symptomatic Persistence (N=21)Syndromatic Persistence (N=34)  
 N (%)N (%)N (%)Test Statisticp-Value
Sex (male)10 (77)14 (67)27 (79)χ22=1.160.56
Caucasian13 (100)20 (95)33 (97)Exact1.00
 Mean±SDMean±SDMean±SD  
Age at baseline[range]11.5±3.6[4-16]9.2±3.5[4-17]9.3±3.4[4-17]F(2, 65)=2.140.13
Age at follow-up[range]16.9±4.2[9-22]14.5±3.8[9-23]14.4±3.6[7-23]F2, 65=2.240.11
SES1.5±1.02.0±1.01.8±1.0χ22=2.680.26

Characteristics of bipolar disorder

 Syndromatic and Symptomatic Remission (N=13)Symptomatic Persistence (N=21)Syndromatic Persistence (N=34)  
 Median (Q1, Q3)†Median (Q1, Q3)Median (Q1, Q3)Test Statisticp-Value
Baseline Duration3 (1, 7)3 (2, 6)5 (2, 7)χ22=1.160.56
Lifetime duration7 (4, 9)8 (5, 10)10 (7, 14)*,‡,§χ22=9.150.01
 Mean±SDMean±SDMean±SD  
Baseline # of symptoms5.5±1.35.8±1.16.3±0.9*,‡F2, 65=3.410.04
Lifetime # of symptoms6.1±0.96.0±1.06.7±0.7*,‡,§,**F2, 65=5.250.008
 N (%)N (%)N (%)  
Baseline ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling5 (38)5 (24)13 (39)χ22=1.470.48
Lifetime ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling7 (54)8 (38)22 (65)χ22=3.610.17
Severe impairment at baseline7 (54)14 (67)25 (74)χ22=1.640.44
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