Uneingeschränkter Zugang

The Quintessence of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Cynicism


Zitieren

1. Abdullah, A. G. K., Almadhoun, T. Z., Ling, Y. L. (2015). Organizational Empowerment and Commitment: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment // Asian Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1–7.Search in Google Scholar

2. Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences // Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs. Vol. 126, No. 3, pp. 269–292.Search in Google Scholar

3. Abugre, J. A. (2017) Relations at Workplace, Cynicism and Intention to Leave: A Proposed Conceptual Framework for Organisations // International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 198–216. doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2016-106810.1108/IJOA-09-2016-1068Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward an Understanding of Inequity // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Vol. 67, pp. 422–436.10.1037/h0040968Search in Google Scholar

5. Afshari, L., Gibson, P. (2016). How to Increase Organizational Commitment Through Transactional Leadership // Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 507–519. doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2014-014810.1108/LODJ-08-2014-0148Search in Google Scholar

6. Ajgaonkar, M., Baul, U., Phadke, S. M. (2012). Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Characteristics Model of Motivation: An Empirical Study // NMIMS Management Review. Vol. 1, pp. 51–72.Search in Google Scholar

7. Allen, G. W., Attoh, P. A., Gong, T. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Affective Organizational Commitment: Mediating Roles of Perceived Social Responsibility and Organizational Identification // Social Responsibility Journal. Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 585–600. doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-11-2016-019310.1108/SRJ-11-2016-0193Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization // The Journal of Occupational Psychology. Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb0050610.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.xSearch in Google Scholar

9. Angle, H. L., Perry, J. L. (1981). An Empirical Assessment of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Effectiveness // Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–14. doi:10.2307/239259610.2307/2392596Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Angle, H. L., Perry, J. L. (1983). Organizational Commitment: Individual and Organizational Influences // Work and Occupation. Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 123–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/073088848301000200110.1177/0730888483010002001Search in Google Scholar

11. Arabaci, I. B. (2010). The Effects of Depersonalization and Organizational Cynicism Levels on the Job Satisfaction of Educational Inspectors // African Journal of Business Management. Vol. 4, No. 13, pp. 2802–2811.Search in Google Scholar

12. Archimi, C. S., Reynaud, E., Yasin, H. M., Bhatti, Z. A. (2018). How Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Affects Employee Cynicism: The Mediating Role of Organizational Trust // Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 151, No. 4, pp. 907–921. doi: 10.1007/s10551-018-3882-610.1007/s10551-018-3882-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Aslam, U., Ilyas, M., Imran M. K., Rahman, U. (2016). Detrimental Effects of Cynicism on Organizational Change: An Interactive Model of Organizational Cynicism (a study of employees in public sector organizations) // Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 580–598. doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-12-2014-023110.1108/JOCM-12-2014-0231Search in Google Scholar

14. Aslan, S., Eren, S. (2014). The Effect of Cynicism and the Organizational Cynicism on Alienation. –The Clute Institute International Academic Conference, Germany, pp. 268–276.Search in Google Scholar

15. Bagraim, J. J. (2003). The Dimensionality of Professional Commitment // SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 6–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v29i2.1010.4102/sajip.v29i2.10Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Bahrami, M. A., Barati, O., Ghoroghchian, M., Montazer-Alfaraj, R., Ezzataba, M. R. (2016). Role of Organizational Climate in Organizational Commitment: The Case of Teaching Hospitals // Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 96–100. doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.00910.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Basak Ok, A., Vandenberghe, C. (2016). Organizational and Career-Oriented Commitment and Employee Development Behaviors // Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 930–945. doi.org/10.1108/JMP-04-2015-015710.1108/JMP-04-2015-0157Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Benevene, P., Dal Corso, L., De Carlo, A., Falco, A., Carluccio, F., Vecina, M. L. (2018). Ethical Leadership as Antecedent of Job Satisfaction, Affective Organizational Commitment and Intention to Stay Among Volunteers of Non-profit Organizations // Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 9, Article Number: 2069. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.0206910.3389/fpsyg.2018.02069Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Walker, H. J. (2007). Justice, Cynicism, and Commitment: A Study of Important Organizational Change Variables // The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 303–326. doi: 10.1177/002188630629660210.1177/0021886306296602Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Walker, H. J. (2007). Justice, Cynicism, and Commitment: A Study of Important Organizational Change Variables // The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 303–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188630629660210.1177/0021886306296602Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Bommer, W. H., Rubin, R. S., Baldwin, T. T. (2004). Setting the Stage for Effective Leadership: Antecedents of Transformational Leadership Behavior // The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 195–210. doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.012.10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Brandes, P., Castro, S. L., James, M. S. L., Martinez, A. D., Matherly, T. A. Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). The Interactive Effects of Job Insecurity and Organizational Cynicism on Work Effort Following a Layoff // Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 233–247. doi: 10.1177/107179190731196710.1177/1071791907311967Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Byrne, Z. S., Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Perceived Organizational Support and Performance: Relationships Across Levels of Organizational Cynicism // Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 54–72. doi: 10.1108/0268394081084966610.1108/02683940810849666Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J.A., O’Reilly, C.A. (1990). Building Organizational Commitment: A Multifirm Study // Journal of Occupational Psychology. Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 245–261. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00525.x10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00525.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Cartwright, S., Holmes, N. (2006). The Meaning of Work: The Challenge of Regaining Employee Engagement and Reducing Cynicism // Human Resource Management Review. Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 199–208. doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.01210.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I.-S., Banks, G. C., Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Organizational Cynicism: A Meta-Analysis // Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 181–197. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.00710.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Chin-Chih, H. (2006). A Study of the Relationships between Work Values, Job Involvement and Organisational Commitment Among Taiwanese Nurses. – A Ph.D. thesis. Australia: Queensland University of Technology.Search in Google Scholar

28. Cinar, O., Karcioglu, F., Aslan, I. (2014). The Relationships Among Organizational Cynicism, Job Insecurity and Turnover Intention: A Survey Study in Erzurum/Turkey // 10th International Strategic Management Conference 2014. Edited by M. Ozsahin. Book Series: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 150, pp. 429–437. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.04510.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.045Search in Google Scholar

29. Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as Mediators of the Relations between Perceived Supervisor Support and Psychological Hardiness on Employee Cynicism // Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 463–484. doi: 10.1002/job.38110.1002/.381Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Collins, B. J. (2017). Fair? I Don’t Care: Examining the Moderating Effect of Workplace Cynicism on the Relationship between Interactional Fairness and Perceptions of Organizational Support from a Social Exchange Perspective // Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 401–413. doi: 10.1177/154805181666789610.1177/1548051816667896Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Cooper-Hakim, A., Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The Construct of Work Commitment: Testing an Integrative Framework // Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 131, pp. 241–259. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.241.10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.241Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Davis, W. D., Gardner, W. L. (2004). Perceptions of Politics and Organizational Cynicism: An Attributional and Leader-Member Exchange Perspective // The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 439–465. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.05.00210.1016/j.leaqua.2004.05.002Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism // The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 341–352. doi: 10.5465/amr.1998.53323010.5465/amr.1998.533230Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34. Dhondt, S., Pot, F. D., Kraan, K. O. (2014). The Importance of Organizational Level Decision Latitude for Well-Being and Organizational Commitment // Team Performance Management. Vol. 20, No.7/8, pp. 307–327. doi.org/10.1108/TPM-03-2014-002510.1108/TPM-03-2014-0025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Dobbs, J. M., Do, J. J. (2018). The Impact of Perceived Toxic Leadership on Cynicism in Officer Candidates // Armed Forces & Society. Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 3–26. doi: 10.1177/0095327X1774720410.1177/0095327X17747204Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Evans, W. R., Goodman, J. M., Davis, W. D. (2011). The Impact of Perceived Corporate Citizenship on Organizational Cynicism, OCB, and Employee Deviance // Human Performance. Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 79–97. Article Number: PII 932651540. doi: 10.1080/08959285.2010.53063210.1080/08959285.2010.530632Search in Google Scholar

37. Faisal, M. F., Al-Esmael, B. A. (2014). Modeling the Enablers of Organizational Commitment // Business Process Management Journal. Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25–46. doi:10.1108/BPMJ-08-2012-008610.1108/BPMJ-08-2012-0086Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Felfe, J. (2008). Advances in Leadership Research: The Structure of Leadership Behavior and Its Influence on Performance, Strain, Organizational Cynicism and the Role of the Context // International Journal of Psychology. Vol. 43, No. 3–4, pp. 550–550.Search in Google Scholar

39. Franco, M., Franco, S. (2017). Organizational Commitment in Family Smes and Its Influence on Contextual Performance // Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Vol. 23, No. 7/8, pp. 364–384. doi:10.1108/TPM-05-2016-002010.1108/TPM-05-2016-0020Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Garg, N. (2017). Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance in Indian Context: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation and Employee Engagement // South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 191–211. doi: org.ezproxy.vdu.lt:2443/10.1177/232209371773613410.1177/2322093717736134Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Gkorezis, P., Georgiou, L., Theodorou, M. (2018). High-Performance Work Practices and Nurses’ Intention to Leave: The Mediating Role of Organizational Cynicism and the Moderating Role of Human Resource Management-Related Educational Background // International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 465–484. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2016.125590610.1080/09585192.2016.1255906Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42. Gkorezis, P., Petridou, E., Xanthiakos, P. (2014). Leader Positive Humor and Organizational Cynicism: LMX as a Mediator // Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 305–315. doi: 10.1108/LODJ-07-2012-008610.1108/LODJ-07-2012-0086Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43. Gokyer, N., Turkoglu, I. (2018). The Relationship between High School Teachers’ Organizational Support Perceptions and Their Organizational Cynicism Attitudes // Egitim Ve Bilim-Education and Science. Vol. 43, No. 196, pp. 317–340. doi: 10.15390/EB.2018.744010.15390/EB.2018.7440Search in Google Scholar

44. Halbesleben, K. L., Tolbert, C. M. (2014). Small, Local, and Loyal: How Firm Attributes Affect Workers’ Organizational Commitment // Local Economy. Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 795–809. doi10.1177/026909421455698010.1177/0269094214556980Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Han, J., Woo, H., Ju, E., Lim, S., Han, S. (2013). Effects of Nurses’ Social Capital on Turnover Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects Organizational Commitment and Organizational Cynicism // Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 517–525. doi: 10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.51710.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.517Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

46. Jena, L. K., Bhattacharyya, P., Pradhan, S. (2017). Employee engagement and Affective Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Employee Voice among Indian Service Sector Employees // The Journal of Business Perspective. Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 1–11. doi:10.1177/097226291773317010.1177/0972262917733170Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

47. Jiang, S., Lambert, E. G., Jin, X., Xiang, D., Shi, M., Zhang, D. (2018). Correlates of Organizational Commitment Among Community Correctional Officers in China // The Prison Journal. Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 60–82. doi:10.1177/003288551774370610.1177/0032885517743706Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

48. Johnson, J. L., O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003). The Effects of Psychological Contract Breach and Organizational Cynicism: Not All Social Exchange Violations Are Created Equal // Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 24, No. 5. pp. 627–647. doi: 10.1002/job.20710.1002/.207Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

49. Karami, A., Farokhzadian, J., Foroughameri, G. (2017). Nurses’ Professional Competency and Organizational Commitment: Is it Important for Human Resource Management? Plos One. Vol. 12, No. 11. Article Number: e0187863. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.018786310.1371/journal.pone.0187863Search in Google Scholar

50. Kasalak, G., Aksu, M. B. (2014). The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Cynicism of Research Assistants // Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 125–133. doi: 10.12738/estp.2014.1.176510.12738/estp.2014.1.1765Search in Google Scholar

51. Kavaliauskienė, Ž. (2011). Darbuotojo įsipareigojimo organizacijai dimensijų ir veiksnių sąveikos. – Daktaro disertacija. Kaunas: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.Search in Google Scholar

52. Kim, T. Y., Bateman, T. S., Gilbreath, B., Andersson, L. M. (2009). Top Management Credibility and Employee Cynicism: A Comprehensive Model // Human Relations. Vol. 62, No. 10, pp. 1435–1458. doi: 10.1177/001872670934082210.1177/0018726709340822Search in Google Scholar

53. Kotze, K., Roodt, G. (2005). Factors that Affect the Retention of Managerial and Specialist Staff: An Exploratory Study of an Employee Commitment Model // SA Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 48–55. doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v3i2.6510.4102/sajhrm.v3i2.65Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

54. Kuang-Man, W. (2013). The Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Employee Work Behaviors in the Airline Industry: Employee Cynicism as Mediator // International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 304–311.Search in Google Scholar

55. Lambert, E. G. (2004). The Impact of Job Characteristics on Correctional Staff Members // The Prison Journal. Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 208–227. doi: 10.1177/003288550426507810.1177/0032885504265078Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

56. Lambert, E. G., Barton, S. M., Hogan, N. L. (1999). The Missing Link between Job Satisfaction and Correctional Staff Behavior: The Issue of Organizational Commitment // American Journal of Criminal Justine. Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 95–116.10.1007/BF02887620Search in Google Scholar

57. Lampinen, M. S., Suutala, E. A., Konu, A. I. (2017). Sense of Community, Organizational Commitment and Quality of Servines // Leadership in Health Servines. Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 378–393. doi: 10.1108/LHS-06-2016-002510.1108/LHS-06-2016-0025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

58. Lazauskaitė-Zabielskė, J., Bagdžiūnienė, D., Rekašiūtė Balsienė, R., Urbanavičiūtė, I., Žukauskaitė, I. (2014). Darbuotojas-darbasorganizacija. Tyrimų problematika ir gairės. Metodinė priemonė. – Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.Search in Google Scholar

59. Li, S., Chen, Y. (2018). The Relationship between Psychological Contract Breach and Employees’ Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Cynicism and Work Alienation // Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 9, Article Number 1273. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.0127310.3389/fpsyg.2018.01273Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

60. Linde, B. (2015). The Value of Wellness in the Workplace: A Perspective of the Employee-Organisation Relationship in the South African Labour Market. Springer Briefs in Economics. – Singapore: Springer Singapore.10.1007/978-981-287-402-3Search in Google Scholar

61. Maltin, E. R., Meyer, J. P. (2010). Employee Commitment and Well-Being: a Critical Review, Theoretical Framework and Research Agenda // Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 323–337. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.00710.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

62. Maslach, C. (2003). Job Burnout: New Directions in Research and Intervention // Current Directions in Psychological Science. Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 189–192. doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.0125810.1111/1467-8721.01258Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

63. Mathieu, J. E., Zajac, D. M. (1990). A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment // Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 108, No. 2, pp. 171–194. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.17110.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

64. Memili, E., Zellweger, T. M., Fanq, H. (2013). The Determinants of Family Owners-Managers’ Affective Organizational Commitment // Family Relations, Family Business Special Issue. Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 443–456. doi.org/10.1111/fare.1201510.1111/fare.12015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

65. Mete, Y. A. (2013). Relationship between Organizational Cynicism and Ethical Leadership Behaviour: A Study at Higher Education // 2nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research (CYICER 2013). Edited by: Z. Ozcinar. Book Series: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 89, pp. 476–483. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.88010.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.880Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

66. Mignonac, K., Herrbach, O., Archimi, C. S., Manville, C. (2018). Navigating Ambivalence: Perceived Organizational Prestige-Support Discrepancy and Its Relation to Employee Cynicism and Silence // Journal of Management Studies. Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 837–872. doi: 10.1111/joms.1233010.1111/joms.12330Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

67. Moon, J. S., Choi, S. B. (2017). The Impact of Career Management on Organizational Commitment and the Mediating Role of Subjective Career Success: The Case of Korean R&D Employees // Journal of Career Development. Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 191–208. doi: 10.1177/089484531664382910.1177/0894845316643829Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

68. Morrow, P. C. (1983). Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research: The Case Work of Commitment // The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 486–500. doi.org/10.2307/25783710.5465/amr.1983.4284606Search in Google Scholar

69. Mousa, M. (2018). The Effect of Cultural Diversity Challenges on Organizational Cynicism Dimensions: A Study from Egypt // Journal of Global Responsibility. Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 280–300. doi: 10.1108/JGR-06-2017-003710.1108/JGR-06-2017-0037Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

70. Mueller, C. W., Boyer, E. M., Price, J. L., Iverson R. D. (1994). Employee Attachment and Noncoercive Conditions of Work // Work and Occupations. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 179–212. doi: 10.1177/073088849402100200210.1177/0730888494021002002Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

71. Munir, Y., Ghafoor, M. M., Rasli, A. M. D. (2018). Perception of Ethical Climate and Turnover Intention Among Nursing Staff: Does Organizational Cynicism Mediate? // International Journal of Human Rights in Health Care. Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 319–332. doi: 10.1108/IJHRH-07-2017-002810.1108/IJHRH-07-2017-0028Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

72. Naqvi, S. R., Ishtiaq, M., Kanwal, N., Ali, M. (2013). Impact of Job Autonomy on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture in Fast Food Sector of Pakistan // International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 8, No. 17, pp. 92–102.10.5539/ijbm.v8n17p92Search in Google Scholar

73. Naude, P., Desai, J., Murphy, J. (2003). Identifying the Determinants of Internal Marketing Orientation // European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 37, No.9, pp. 1205–1220. doi.org/10.1108/039056031048695110.1108/0390560310486951Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

74. Naus, A. J. A. M. (2007). Organizational Cynicism on the Nature, Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Cynicism Toward the Employing Organization. – Doctoral Dissertation. Maastricht: Maastricht University.Search in Google Scholar

75. Naus, F., van Iterson, A., Roe, R. (2007a). Organizational Cynicism: Extending the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect Model of Employees’ Responses to Adverse Conditions in the Workplace // Human Relations. Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 683–718. doi: 10.1177/001872670707919810.1177/0018726707079198Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

76. Naus, F., van Iterson, A., Roe, R. A. (2007b). Value Incongruence, Job Autonomy, and Organization-Based Self-Esteem: A Self-Based Perspective on Organizational Cynicism // European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 195–219. doi: 10.1080/1359432060114327110.1080/13594320601143271Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

77. Newstrom, J.W. (2015). Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. 14th Editon. – New York: McGraw Hill International Edition.Search in Google Scholar

78. O’Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D. F. (1980). Job Choice: The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Subsequent Satisfaction and Commitment // Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 559–565. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.65.5.559.10.1037/0021-9010.65.5.559Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

79. O’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior // Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 492–499. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.49210.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

80. Ozer, O., Songur, C., Kar, A., Top, M., Eriguc, G. (2014). Organizational Stress, Organizational Cynicism, Organizational Revenge, Intention to Quit: A Study on Research Assistants // The Macrotheme Review. Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 121–128.Search in Google Scholar

81. Paul, H., Bamel, U. K., Garg, P. (2016). Employee Resilience and OCB: Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment // The Journal for Decision Makers. Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 308–324. doi: 10.1177/025609091667276510.1177/0256090916672765Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

82. Polatcan, M., Titrek, O. (2014). The Relationship between Leadership Behaviors of School Principals and Their Organizational Cynicism Attitudes // 4th World Conference on Learning Teaching and Educational Leadership (WCLTA-2013). Edited by: J.G. Laborda. Book Series: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 141, pp. 1291–1303. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.22210.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.222Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

83. Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians // Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 603–609. doi: 10.1037/h003733510.1037/h0037335Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

84. Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and Managing Cynicism about Organizational Change // The Academy of Management Executive (1993–2005). Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 48–59. Internet access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/416537110.5465/ame.1997.9707100659Search in Google Scholar

85. Rubin, R. S., Dierdorff, E. C., Bommer, W. H., Baldwin, T. T. (2009). Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change // Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 680–688. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.00210.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.002Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

86. Sak, R. (2018). Gender Differences in Turkish Early Childhood Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Job Burnout and Organizational Cynicism // Early Childhood Education Journal. Vol. 46, No.6, pp. 643–653. doi: 10.1007/s10643-018-0895-910.1007/s10643-018-0895-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

87. Saleem, M. A., Yaseen, A., Zahra, S. (2018). Predictors of Organizational Commitment in Public Sector Hospitals of Pakistan—A Moderated Mediation Study // Journal of Health Management. Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 206–225. doi: 10.1177/097206341876365610.1177/0972063418763656Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

88. Schilling, J (2008). Does Leadership Matter? Analyzing Antecedents of Organizational Cynicism // International Journal of Psychology. Vol. 43, No. 3-4, pp. 550-551.Search in Google Scholar

89. Schmitz, M. A., Froese, F. J., Bader, A. K. (2018). Organizational Cynicism in Multinational Corporations in China // Asia Pacific Business Review. Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 620–637. doi: 10.1080/13602381.2018.149220310.1080/13602381.2018.1492203Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

90. Schraeder, M., Jordan, M. H., Self, D. R., Hoover, D. J. (2016). Unlearning Cynicism: A Supplemental Approach in Addressing A Serious Organizational Malady // International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 532–547. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2013-067410.1108/IJOA-05-2013-0674Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

91. Schulz, A. A., Martin, T., Meyer, H. M. (2017). Factors Influencing Organization Commitment: Internal Marketing Orientation, External Marketing Orientation, and Subjective Well-Being // Journal of Management Development. Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 1294–1303. doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2016-033410.1108/JMD-12-2016-0334Search in Google Scholar

92. Scott, K. A., Zweig, D. (2016). Understanding and Mitigating Cynicism in the Workplace // Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 552–569. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-01-2015-002310.1108/JMP-01-2015-0023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

93. Shaharruddin, S., Ahmad, F. (2015). The Influence of Job Autonomy on Organizational Cynicism: The Reliability Test // International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management. Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 91–100.Search in Google Scholar

94. Simha, A., Elloy, D. F., Huang, H. C. (2014). The Moderated Relationship between Job Burnout and Organizational Cynicism // Management Decision. Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 482–504. doi: 10.1108/MD-08-2013-042210.1108/MD-08-2013-0422Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

95. Suliman, A., Iles, P. (2000). Is Continuance Commitment Beneficial to Organizations? Commitment-Performance Relationship: A New Look // Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 407–422. doi.org/10.1108/0268394001033715810.1108/02683940010337158Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

96. Terzi, A. R., Derin, R. (2016). Relation between Democratic Leadership and Organizational Cynicism // Journal of Education and Learning. Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 193–204. doi:10.5539/jel.v5n3p19310.5539/jel.v5n3p193Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

97. Togna, G. (2014). Does Internal Communication to Generate Trust Always Increase Commitment?: A Study at Micron Technology // Corporate Communications: An International Journal. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 64–81. doi: 10.1108/CCIJ-07-2012-004610.1108/CCIJ-07-2012-0046Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

98. Topcu, I., Unaldi, N., Bacaksiz, F. E., Sen, H. T., Karadal, A., Yildirim, A. (2017). The Relationships between General and Organizational Cynicism: A Study among Healthcare Professionals // International Journal of Caring Sciences. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 216–224.Search in Google Scholar

99. Volpe, R. L., Mohammed, S., Hopkins, M., Shapiro, D., Dellasega, C. (2014). The Negative Impact of Organizational Cynicism on Physicians and Nurses // Health Care Manager. Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 276–288. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000026.10.1097/HCM.0000000000000026Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

100. Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about Organizational Change. Measurement, Antecedents, and Correlates // Group & Organization Management. Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 132–153. doi.org/10.1177/105960110025200310.1177/1059601100252003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

101. West, B., Hillenbrand, C., Money, K. (2015). Building Employee Relationships Through Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Role of Social Cynicism and Reward for Application // Group & Organization Management. Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 295–322. doi: 10.1177/105960111456006210.1177/1059601114560062Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

102. Wilkerson, J. M., Evans, W. R., Davis, W. D. (2008). A Test of Coworkers’ Influence on Organizational Cynicism, Badmouthing, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior // Journal of Applied Social Psychology. Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 2273–2292. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00391.x10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00391.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

103. Yang, Q., Lee, Y. C. (2016). Examining the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of POSCO and Baosteel // Advanced Science Letters. Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 3572–3576. doi: 10.1166/asl.2016.786310.1166/asl.2016.7863Open DOISearch in Google Scholar