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Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Anthony F.J. van Raan

Anthony F.J. van Raan

Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden UniversityLeiden, The Netherlands
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van Raan, Anthony F.J.
  
18. Feb. 2017
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Artikel-Kategorie: Expert Review
Online veröffentlicht: 18. Feb. 2017
Seitenbereich: 13 - 50
Eingereicht: 23. Nov. 2016
Akzeptiert: 03. Dez. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jdis-2017-0002
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© 2017 Anthony F.J. van Raan
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
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Figure 1

Front page of patent WO2014/009721A1 as an example.
Front page of patent WO2014/009721A1 as an example.

Figure 2

Claims of patent WO2014/009721A1; the fi rst page of the claims section is shown as an example.
Claims of patent WO2014/009721A1; the fi rst page of the claims section is shown as an example.

Figure 3

International search report of patent WO2014/009721A1, page 1. The SNPRs are indicated with a light blue box, and the references to earlier patents with a red box.
International search report of patent WO2014/009721A1, page 1. The SNPRs are indicated with a light blue box, and the references to earlier patents with a red box.

Figure 4

International search report of patent WO2014/009721A1, page 2. The SNPRs are indicated with a light blue box, and the references to earlier patents with a red box.
International search report of patent WO2014/009721A1, page 2. The SNPRs are indicated with a light blue box, and the references to earlier patents with a red box.

Figure 5

Patent-to-patent and patent-to-publication citation network around the discovery of Isentress. Network of patents and publications connecting Hazuda et al. (2000) which is the “discovery paper” (green circle), and the Isentress patent (2007) (red circle). Blue circles represent patents; white circles represent publications. From: Winnink and Tijssen (2014).
Patent-to-patent and patent-to-publication citation network around the discovery of Isentress. Network of patents and publications connecting Hazuda et al. (2000) which is the “discovery paper” (green circle), and the Isentress patent (2007) (red circle). Blue circles represent patents; white circles represent publications. From: Winnink and Tijssen (2014).

Figure 6

This network configuration shows the citing-cited relations between the publications with the coauthor relationships between researchers. Blue circles represent scholarly publications; white circles represent (co-)authors. The two closely interconnected clusters are centered around the discovery paper Hazuda et al. (2000). From: Winnink and Tijssen (2014).
This network configuration shows the citing-cited relations between the publications with the coauthor relationships between researchers. Blue circles represent scholarly publications; white circles represent (co-)authors. The two closely interconnected clusters are centered around the discovery paper Hazuda et al. (2000). From: Winnink and Tijssen (2014).

Figure 7

Concept (co-word) map of the patent-related papers as discussed in the text. (mapping parameter: co-occurrence threshold = 3, full counting).
Concept (co-word) map of the patent-related papers as discussed in the text. (mapping parameter: co-occurrence threshold = 3, full counting).

Figure 8

Maps of the citation links of the Zarrin SNPR. Upper part: the cited papers (references) of the SNPR; lower part: the citing papers of the SNPR. Connecting lines indicate citation relations, and these go always in an upward direction. Colors indicate clusters on the basis of mutual citation relations.
Maps of the citation links of the Zarrin SNPR. Upper part: the cited papers (references) of the SNPR; lower part: the citing papers of the SNPR. Connecting lines indicate citation relations, and these go always in an upward direction. Colors indicate clusters on the basis of mutual citation relations.

Figure 9

Bibliographic coupling (minimum citations = 1) map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR. This is a detailed visualization of the links between these citing papers, thus providing a map of the recent research based on the Zarrin SNPR as one of the building stones. The size of the circles is proportional to its impact, i.e. the extent to which a paper is cited in the entire Web of Science (mapping parameter: minimum citations = 1).
Bibliographic coupling (minimum citations = 1) map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR. This is a detailed visualization of the links between these citing papers, thus providing a map of the recent research based on the Zarrin SNPR as one of the building stones. The size of the circles is proportional to its impact, i.e. the extent to which a paper is cited in the entire Web of Science (mapping parameter: minimum citations = 1).

Figure 10

Co-citation map of papers citing the Zarrin SNPR (co-citation threshold = 3). The size of the circles is proportional to the number of times a paper is cited in the uploaded set. By definition, the target paper (here Zarrin) is the most cited paper, as all papers in the set cite the Zarrin paper.
Co-citation map of papers citing the Zarrin SNPR (co-citation threshold = 3). The size of the circles is proportional to the number of times a paper is cited in the uploaded set. By definition, the target paper (here Zarrin) is the most cited paper, as all papers in the set cite the Zarrin paper.

Figure 11

Zoom into the co-citation map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR as shown in Figure 10. The next-to-Zarrin most central paper is the Hummers paper, see text.
Zoom into the co-citation map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR as shown in Figure 10. The next-to-Zarrin most central paper is the Hummers paper, see text.

Figure 12

Concept (co-word) map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR (mapping parameter: co-occurrence threshold = 3).
Concept (co-word) map of the papers citing the Zarrin SNPR (mapping parameter: co-occurrence threshold = 3).

Figure 13

Same map as in Figure 12, but now the colors indicate the average publication year of the papers belonging to a specific concept.
Same map as in Figure 12, but now the colors indicate the average publication year of the papers belonging to a specific concept.
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