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Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Lesions

Zhijun Ma

Zhijun Ma

Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityXining, China
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Ma, Zhijun
, 
Manli Qu

Manli Qu

Graduate School of Qinghai UniversityXining, China
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Qu, Manli
 and 
Xiaowu Wang

Xiaowu Wang

Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityXining, China
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Wang, Xiaowu
  
May 31, 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Published Online: May 31, 2022
Page range: 217 - 226
Received: Nov 04, 2021
Accepted: Mar 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-019
Keywords
© 2022 Zhijun Ma et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Fig. 1

The Petaline graph for calculated OTUs. Different colors designate different groups. The central circular area designates the set of OTUs often present in the counterpart groups, and the single-layer zone designates the number of OTUs uniquely found in each group; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
The Petaline graph for calculated OTUs. Different colors designate different groups. The central circular area designates the set of OTUs often present in the counterpart groups, and the single-layer zone designates the number of OTUs uniquely found in each group; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Fig. 2

Comparison of relative taxa richness among breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy controls. A) Comparison at the phylum level; B) comparison at the genus level; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
Comparison of relative taxa richness among breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy controls. A) Comparison at the phylum level; B) comparison at the genus level; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Fig. 3

Alpha diversity metrics (Sobs and Chao1 index).A, B) Boxplots for species richness between breast cancer patients and healthy controls; C, D) boxplots for species richness between benign breast lesion patients and healthy controls; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
Alpha diversity metrics (Sobs and Chao1 index).A, B) Boxplots for species richness between breast cancer patients and healthy controls; C, D) boxplots for species richness between benign breast lesion patients and healthy controls; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Fig. 4

Beta diversity assessment based on unweighted and weighted UniFrac.A) Boxplots showing the comparison of beta diversity based on unweighted UniFrac among groups; B) boxplots showing the comparison of beta diversity based on weighted UniFrac among groups; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
Beta diversity assessment based on unweighted and weighted UniFrac.A) Boxplots showing the comparison of beta diversity based on unweighted UniFrac among groups; B) boxplots showing the comparison of beta diversity based on weighted UniFrac among groups; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Fig. 5

PCoA and PLS-DA analysis of microbiota among breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy controls. Blue circles, orange triangles, and green diamonds represent samples in different groups. The closer the spatial distance of the sample, the more similar the species composition of the sample.A) PCoA plot based on weighted Unifrac; B) PLS-DA plot; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
PCoA and PLS-DA analysis of microbiota among breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy controls. Blue circles, orange triangles, and green diamonds represent samples in different groups. The closer the spatial distance of the sample, the more similar the species composition of the sample.A) PCoA plot based on weighted Unifrac; B) PLS-DA plot; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Fig. 6

Characteristics of bacterial community composition in breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy control groups. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size (LEfSe) was performed using the LEfSe program. An LDA (log10) score of > 2.0 was considered significant; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.
Characteristics of bacterial community composition in breast cancer patients, benign breast lesion patients, and healthy control groups. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size (LEfSe) was performed using the LEfSe program. An LDA (log10) score of > 2.0 was considered significant; BC – breast cancer, BL – benign breast lesions, HC – healthy controls.

Changes in bacterial abundance at the genus level in patients with breast cancer and benign breast lesions_

Breast cancer Benign breast lesions
More abundant genera Less abundant genera More abundant genera Less abundant genera
Escherichia Faecalibacterium Escherichia Collinsella
Peptoniphilus Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis Peptoniphilus Alistipes
Bilophila Collinsella Coprobacillus Megamonas
Lactobacillus Alistipes Lactobacillus Butyricimonas
Porphyromonas Anaerofilum Porphyromonas Acidaminococcus
Christensenella Asaccharobacter
Butyricimonas Tissierella
Erysipelothrix Cloacibacillus
Acidaminococcus
Victivallis
Eubacterium
Tissierella
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium
Cloacibacillus
Oxalobacter

Baseline characteristics of the patients enrolled_

Healthy controls Breast cancer Benign breast lesions
No. of individuals 20 26 20
Gender (male/female) 0/20 0/26 0/20
Mean age (± SD, years) 46.90 (10.87) 49.62 (7.33) 48.95 (8.73)
Mean BMI (± SD, kg/m2) 22.80 (2.02) 22.88 (1.98) 21.71 (2.20)
Language:
English
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Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Microbiology and Virology
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