Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Bloodstream Infections in Humans: a Review
, , and | Mar 19, 2021
About this article
Article Category: minireview
Published Online: Mar 19, 2021
Page range: 13 - 23
Received: Oct 22, 2020
Accepted: Jan 12, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-005
Keywords
© 2021 Klaudia Lisowska-Łysiak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Worldwide distribution of staphylococcal bloodstream infections. The gray areas consist of the primary pathogen isolated in studies provided according to adequate reference.
| No. | Continent | Country | No. of institutions | Years of isolation | Total number of BSI episodes | CoNS | CoNS (%) | Reference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Africa | Ghana | 1 | 2010-2013 | 1,763 | 507 | 28.8 | 76 | 4.3 | 431 | 24.4 | |
| 2 | Africa | Egypt | 1 | 2013-2015 | 65 | 26 | 40,1 | 6 | 9.3 | 20 | 30.8 | |
| 3 | Africa | Ethiopia | 1 | 2016-2017 | 88 | 38 | 43.0 | 16 | 18.0 | 22 | 25.0 | |
| 4 | Africa | Zambia | 1 | 2013-2014 | 103 | 13 | 12.0 | 6 | 6.0 | 7 | 6.0 | |
| 5 | Asia | Japan | 5 | 2012-2013 | 3,284 | 1,030 | 32.2 | 294 | 9.2 | 736 | 23.0 | |
| 6 | Asia | South Korea | 55 | 2013-2014 | 717 | 349 | 48.7 | 81 | 11.3 | 268 | 37.4 | |
| 7 | Asia | Arab States | 4 | 2013-2015 | 785 | 289 | 36.85 | 17 | 2.2 | 272 | 34.65 | |
| 8 | Asia | China | 1 | 2015-2016 | 133 | 64 | 60.3 | 8 | 7.5 | 56 | 52.8 | |
| 9 | Asia | Nepal | 1 | 2017 | 56 | 50 | 89,2 | 11 | 19.6 | 39 | 69,6 | |
| 10 | Asia | India | 1 | 2012-2014 | 183 | 87 | 47.4 | 42 | 22.9 | 45 | 24.5 | |
| 11 | Asia | Taiwan | 1 | 2008-2013 | 2,090 | 485 | 23.2 | 57 | 2.7 | 428 | 20.5 | |
| 12 | Australia | Australia | 23 | 2008-2012 | 9,418 | 3,160 | 36.4 | 1,429 | 18.0 | 1,731 | 18.4 | |
| 13 | Australia | Australia | 1 | 2005-2016 | 203 | 115 | 40.3 | 46 | 16.1 | 69 | 24.2 | |
| 14 | Australia | Australia | 1 | 2005-2016 | 146 | 79 | 54.1 | 26 | 17.8 | 53 | 36.3 | |
| 15 | Europe | Turkey | 1 | 2003-2009; 2010-2016 | 925 | 542 | 58.6 | 46 | 5.0 | 496 | 53.6 | |
| 16 | Europe | Switzerland | 20 | 2008-2014 | 1,823 | 535 | 30.0 | 300 | 17.0 | 235 | 13.0 | |
| 17 | Europe | Switzerland | 1 | 2014-2017 | 404 | 78 | 19.3 | 68 | 16.8 | 10 | 2.5 | |
| 18 | Europe | Poland | nd | 2012-2015 | 329 | 150 | 45.6 | 53 | 16.1 | 97 | 29.5 | |
| 19 | Europe | Germany | 1 | 1985-1995; 1997-2006 | 1,646 | 650 | 79.2 | 241 | 28.1 | 409 | 51.1 | |
| 20 | Europe | Romania | 1 | 2016-2017 | 170 | 81 | 47.65 | 63 | 37.06 | 18 | 10.59 | |
| 21 | Europe | Holland | 1 | 2008-2014 | 93 | 84 | 90.4 | 70 | 75.3 | 14 | 15.1 | |
| 22 | Europe | France | 1 | 2011-2012 | 201 | 28 | 12.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 28 | 12.2 | |
| 23 | Europe | United Kingdom | 30 | 2005-2014 | 3,903 | 2,466 | 65.0 | 233 | 8.0 | 2,233 | 57.0 | |
| 24 | Europe | Greece | 16 | 2012-2015 | 459 | 140 | 30.4 | 2 | 0.4 | 138 | 30.0 | |
| 25 | North America | USA | 1 | 2002-2012 | 8,196 | 4,254 | 51.9 | 721 | 8.8 | 3,533 | 43.1 | |
| 26 | North America | USA | 1 | 2006-2017 | 92 | 39 | 42.4 | 7 | 7.6 | 32 | 34.8 | |
| 27 | North America | USA | 10 | 2015-2018 | 5,066 | 1,500 | 29.0 | 1,115 | 22.0 | 355 | 7.0 | Khare et al. 2019 |
| 28 | North America | USA | 1 | 2013-2017 | 97 | 29 | 29.9 | 17 | 17.5 | 12 | 12.4 | |
| 29 | South America | Brazil | 28 | 2016 | 47 | 17 | 36.2 | 6 | 12.8 | 11 | 23.4 | |
| 30 | South America | Latin America | 32 | 2001-2013 | 3,066 | 1,625 | 53.0 | 267 | 8.7 | 1,358 | 44.3 |