[
Abrahamsen, G. 1984. Effects of acidic precipitation on forest soil and vegetation. - Phil. Trans. r. Soc. Lond. B 305: 369-382.10.1098/rstb.1984.0064
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ahti, T., Hämet-Ahti, L. & Jalas, J. 1968. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. - Annis bot. fenn. 5: 169-211.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Angell-Petersen, I. 1988. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i Sør-Norge. - Økoforsk Rapp. 1988: 8: 1-241.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Amborg, T. 1964. Det nordsvenska skogstypsschemat, ed. 6. - Svenska skogsvårdsföreningen, Stockholm.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aune, B. 1993. Temperaturnormaler normalperiode 1961-1990. - Norske meteorol. Inst. Rapp. Klima 1993: 2: 1-63.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baadsvik, K. 1974. Jordanalyser. Noen utvalgte metoder for fysikalske og kjemiske jordanalyser. - Univ. Trondheim, Trondheim.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Barth, T.F.W. 1960. Precambrian of southern Norway. Areal descriptions. - Norg. geol. Unders. 208: 22-48.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bates, J.W. 1987. Nutrient retention by Pseudoscleropodium purum and its relation to growth. - J. Bryol. 14: 59-70.10.1179/jbr.1987.14.3.565
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bates, J.W. 1992. Mineral nutrient acquisition and retention by bryophytes. - J. Bryol. 17: 223-240.10.1179/jbr.1992.17.2.223
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Beier, C., Hansen, K. & Gundersen, P. 1993. Spatial variability of throughfall fluxes in a spruce forest. - Environm. Pollution 81: 257-267.10.1016/0269-7491(93)90208-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Berg, B. 1984. Decomposition of moss litter in a mature Scots pine forest. - Pedobiologia 26: 301-308.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bergseth, H. 1977. Relationen zwischen Acidität und Vegetationstyp norwegischer Waldböden. - Acta agric. Scand. 27: 269-279.10.1080/00015127709435139
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bjørnstad, O.N. 1991. Changes in forest soils and vegetation in S0gne, southern Norway, during a 20 year period. - Holarct. Ecol. 14: 234-244.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Børset, A. 1979. Inventering av skogreservater på statens grunn. - NF-Rapp. 1979: 3: 1-451.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Børset, O. 1985. Skogskjøtsel. I. Skogøkologi. - Landbruksforlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Borcard, D., Legendre, P. & Drapeau, P. 1992. Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. - Ecology 73: 1045-1055.10.2307/1940179
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boyko, H. 194 7. On the role of plants as quantitative climate indicators and the geo-ecological law of distribution. - J. Ecol. 35: 138-157.10.2307/2256504
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brown, D.H. & Bates, J.W. 1990. Bryophytes and nutrient cycling. - Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 104: 129-147.10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02215.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Buldgen, P., Dubois, D. & Remackle, J. 1983. Principal component analysis applied to nutrient balances in organic layers of beech and spruce forests. - Soil Biol. Biochem. 15: 511-518.10.1016/0038-0717(83)90043-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carleton, T.J. 1990. Variation in terricolous bryophyte and macrolichen vegetation along primary gradients in Canadian boreal forests. - J. Veg. Sci. 1: 585-594.10.2307/3235563
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carleton, T.J. & Kavanagh, T. 1990. Influence of stand age and spatial location on throughfall chemistry beneath black spruce. - Can. J. For. Res. 20: 1917-1925.10.1139/x90-257
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collins, N.J. 1976. Growth and population dynamics of the moss Polytrichum alpestre in the maritime Antarctic. - Oikos 27: 389-401.10.2307/3543458
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Collins, S.L., Glenn, S.M. & Roberts, D.W. 1993. The hierarchical continuum concept. - J. Veg. Sci. 4: 149-156.10.2307/3236099
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Corley, M.F.V., Crundwell, A.C., Düll, R., Hill, M.O. & Smith, A.J.E. 1981. Mosses of Europe and the Azores; an annotated list of species, with synomyms from the recent literature. - J. Bryol. 11: 609-689.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dahl, E. 1988. Acidification of soils in the Rondane mountains, South Norway, due to acid precipitation. - Økoforsk Rapp. 1988: 1: 1-53.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dahl, E., Elven, R., Moen, A. & Skogen, A. 1986. Vegetasjonskart over Norge 1:1 500 000. Nasjonalatlas for Norge kartblad 4.1.1. - Statens Kartverk, Hønefoss.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dahl, E., Gjems, O. & Kielland-Lund, J. 1967. On the vegetation types of Norwegian conifer forest in relation to the chemical properties of the humus layer. - Meddr norske SkogforsVesen 25: 505-531.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dargie, T.C.D. 1984. On the integrated interpretation of indirect site ordinations: a case study using semi-arid vegetation in south-eastern Spain. - Vegetatio 55: 37-55.10.1007/BF00039980
]Search in Google Scholar
[
During, H.J. & van Tooren, B.F. 1990. Bryophyte interactions with other plants. - Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 104: 79-98.10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02212.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
During, H.J. & Verschuren, G.A.C.M. 1988. Influence of the tree canopy on terrestrial bryophyte communities: microclimate and chemistry of throughfall. - In: Barkamn, J.J. & Sýkora, K.V. (eds), Dependent plant communities, SPB Acad. Publ., The Hague, pp. 99-110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eilertsen, O., Økland, R.H., Økland, T. & Pedersen, 0. 1990. The effects of scale range, species removal and downweighting of rare species on eigenvalue and gradient length in DCA ordination. - J. Veg. Sci. 1: 261-270.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eilertsen, O. & Pedersen, O. 1989. Virkning av nedveiing og artsfjerning ved DCA-ordinasjon av vegetasjons0kologiske datasett. - Univ. Trondheim VitenskMus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1988· 1: 5-18.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ericson, L. 1977. The influence of voles and lemmings on the vegetation in a coniferous forest during a 4-year period in northern Sweden. - Wahlenbergia 4: 1-114.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Erikstad, L. & Hardeng, G. 1988. Naturvernområder i Norge. - Miljøverndep. Rapp. T-713: 1-147.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fægri, K. 1949. Studies on the Pleistocene of western Norway. IV. On the immigration of Picea abies (L.) Karst. - Univ. Bergen Arb. naturvit. Rekke 1949: 1: 1-52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Faith, D.P., Minchin, P.R. & Belbin, L. 1987. Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance. - Vegetatio 69: 57-68.10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Falkengren-Grerup, U. 1986. Soil acidification and vegetation changes i deciduous forest in southern Sweden. - Oecologia (Berlin) 70: 339-347.10.1007/BF00379494
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Falkengren-Grerup, U. & Lakkenborg-Kristensen, H. 1994. Importance of ammonium and nitrate to the performance of herb-layer species from deciduous forests in southern Sweden. -Environm. exp. Bot. 34: 31-38.10.1016/0098-8472(94)90006-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Falkengren-Grerup, U., Linnermark, N. & Tyler, G. 1987. Changes in acidity and cation pools of south Swedish soils between 1949 and 1985. - Chemosphere 16: 2239-2248.10.1016/0045-6535(87)90282-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fitje, A. & Strand, L. 1973. Tremålingslære, ed. 2. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Flatberg, K.I. & Frisvoll, A.A. 1991. Morfologiske skader hos blanksigd (Dicranum majus) og krussigd (D. polysetum). - Norsk Inst. NatAnal. Oppdragsmeld. 69: 8-19.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Førland, E.J. 1979. Nedbørens høydeavhengighet. - Klima 2: 3-24.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Førland, E.J. 1993. Nedbørmormaler normalperiode 1961-1990. - Norske meteorol. Inst. Rapp. Klima 1993: 39: 1-63.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fremstad, E. & Elven, R. (eds) 1987. Enheter for vegetasjonskartlegging i Norge. - Økoforsk Utredn. 1987: 1: 1-23+Al-X12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frisvoll, A.A. 1989. Moseskader i skog i Sør-Norge. - Norsk Inst. NatAnal. Oppdragsmeld. 18: 1-41.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frisvoll, A.A. Elvebakk, A., Flatberg, K.I. & Økland, R.H. 1995. Sjekkliste over norske mosar. -Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Temahefte 4: 1-104.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frisvoll, A.A. & Flatberg, K.I. 1990. Moseskader i Sør-Varanger. - Norsk Inst. NatAnal. Oppdragsmeld. 55: 1-25.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gauch Jr., H.G. 1982a. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. - Camb. Stud. Ecol. 1: 1-298.10.1017/CBO9780511623332
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gauch Jr., H.G., Whittaker, R.H. & Singer, S.B. 1981. A comparative study of nonmetric ordinations. -J. Ecol. 69: 135-152.10.2307/2259821
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gigon, A. & Rorison, I.H. 1972. The response of ecologically distinct plant species to nitrate and to ammonium nitrogen. - J. Ecol. 60: 93-102.10.2307/2258043
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gjelle, S. 1978. Geology and structure of the Bj0llanes area, Rana, Nordland. - Norg. geol. Unders. 343: 1-37.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Glømme, H. 1932. Undersøkelser over ulike humustypers amoniakk- og nitratproduksjon samt faktorer som har innflytelse på disse prosesser. - Meddr norske SkogforsVesen 4: 37-328.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Greenacre, M.J. 1984. Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. - Academic Press, London.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hafsten, U. 1985. The immigration and spread of spruce forest in Norway, traced by biostratigraphical studies and radiocarbon datings. A preliminary report. - Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 39: 99-108.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hanski, J. 1991. Single-species metapopulation dynamics: concepts, models and observations. - Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42: 17-38.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haugen, I. 1991a. Barskog i Midt-Norge. Utkast til verneplan. - Dir. Naturforv. Rapp. 1991: 1: 1-119.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haugen, I. 1991b. Barskog i Øst-Norge. Utkast til verneplan. - Dir. Naturforv. Rapp. 1991: 5: 1-267.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Havas, P. & Kubin, E. 1983. Structure, growth and organic matter content in the vegetation cover of an old spruce forest in Northern Finland. - Annis bot. fenn. 20: 115-149.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heikkinen, R. 1991. Multivariate analysis of esker vegetation in southern Harne, S Finland. -Annis bot. fenn. 28: 201-224.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hesselman, H. 1926. Studier över barrskogens humustäcke, dess egenskaper och beroende av skogsvården. - Meddn St. SkogsforsAnst. 22: 169-552.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hesselman, H. 1937. Om humustäckets beroende av beståndets alder och sammansättning i den nordiska granskogen av blåbärsrik Vaccinium-typ och dess innverkan på skogen föryngring och tillväkst. - Meddn St. SkogsförsAnst. 30: 529-716.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hill, M.O. 1979. DECORANA - A Fortran program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. - Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. - Vegetatio 42: 47-58.10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Holtedahl, O. & Andersen, B.G. 1960. Glacial map of Norway. - Norg. geol. Unders. 208: Suppl.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huse, S. 1964. Urskogen i Gutulia. - Norsk Skogbr. 10: 554-557.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ingestad, T. 1973. Mineral nutrient requirements of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus. - Physiol. pl. 29: 239-246.10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb03099.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Institutt for skogtaksasjon & Institutt for skogøkonomi, 1987. Handbok for planlegging i skogbruket. - Landbruksforlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Johansson, M.-B. 1986. Chemical composition and decomposition patterns of leaf litters from forest trees in Sweden with special reference to methodological aspects and site properties. - Sver. LantbrUniv. Rapp. Skogsekol. skoglig Marklära 56: 1-17+ 1-35+ 1-23+ 1-40+ 1-39.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kendall, M.G. 1938. A new measure of rank correlation. - Biometrika 30: 81-93.10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kenkel, N.C. & Orl6ci, L. 1986. Applying metric and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: some new results. - Ecology 67: 919-928.10.2307/1939814
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kielland-Lund, J. 1972. Gutulia nasjonalpark: Landskap og historie. Vegetasjon og skogforhold. - Norg. Nasjonalparker 4: 74-80.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kielland-Lund, J. 1981. Die Waldgesellschaften SO-Norwegens. - Phytocoenologia 9: 53-250.10.1127/phyto/9/1981/53
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korsmo, H. & Larsen, H.E. 1994. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i Hedmark. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 261: 1-110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korsmo, H. & Svalastog, D. 1993a. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i 0stfold. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 217: 1-100.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korsmo, H. & Svalastog, D. 1993b. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i Akershus og Oslo. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 227: 1-128.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korsmo, H., Edenius, L., Moe, B. & Svalastog, D. 1993. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i sørlige del av Nordland. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 228: 1-133.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Krause, G.H.M., Arndt, U., Brandt, C.J., Bucher, J., Kenk, G. & Matzner, E. 1986. Forest decline in Europe: development and possible causes. - Wat. Air Soil Pollution 31: 647-668.10.1007/BF00284218
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Krog, H., Østhagen, H. & Tønsberg, T. 1994. Lavflora, ed. 2. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Krohn, O. & Hardeng, G. 1981. Vestfjella og Rausjømarka. En naturfaglig og skoglig sammenlikning. - Inst. Skogskjøtsel, Norg. Ldbrukshøgsk. Rapp., Ås.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruskal, J.B. 1964a. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. - Psychometrika 29: 1-27.10.1007/BF02289565
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruskal, J.B. 1964b. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. - Psychometrika 29: 115-129.10.1007/BF02289694
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruskal, J.B., Young, F.W. & Seery, J.B. 1973. How to use KYST, a very flexible program to do multidimensional scaling and unfolding. - Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey, unpubl.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kubin, E. 1983. Nutrients in the soil, ground vegetation and tree layer in an old spruce forest in Northern Finland. - Annis bot. fenn. 20: 361-390.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kujala, V. 1926. Untersuchungen über die Waldvegetation in Süd- und Mittelfinnland. I. Zur Kenntnis des ökologisch-biologischen Charakters der W aldpflanzenarten unter spezieller Berücjsichtigung der Bildung von Pflanzenvereinen. B. Laubmoose. - Communtnes Inst. Quaest. for. finl. 10: 2: 1-59.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuusipalo, J. 1983a. Mustikan varvuston biomassamäärän vaihtelusta erilaisissa metsiköissä. -Silva fenn. 17: 245-257. (Eng. summ.: On the distribution of blueberry biomass in different forest stands)10.14214/sf.a15173
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuusipalo, J.1983b. Distribution of vegetation on mesic forest sites in relation to some characteristics of the tree stand and soil fertility. - Silva fenn. 17: 403-418.10.14214/sf.a15184
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuusipalo, J.1984. Diversity pattern of the forest understorey vegetation in relation to some site characteristics. - Silva fenn. 18: 121-131.10.14214/sf.a15388
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuusipalo, J.1985. An ecological study of upland forest site classification in southern Finland. - Acta for. fenn. 192: 1-77.10.14214/aff.7638
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuusipalo, J.1988. Dominance pattern with understorey bryophyte vegetation in southern boreal coniferous forest. - In: Barkman, J.J. & Sykora, K.V. (eds), Dependent plant communities, SPB Acad. Publ., The Hague, pp. 111-117.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kvamme, H. (ed.) 1992. Rapport 1991. Program “Overvaking av skogens sunnhetstilstand”. -Norsk Inst. Jord- Skogkartlegging Rapp. 1992: 1: 1-59.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laaksonen, K. 1976. The dependence on mean air temperatures upon latitude and altitude in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Annls Acad. scient. fenn. Ser. A 3 Geol. Geogr. 119: 1-19.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laaksonen, K. 1979. Effective temperature sums and durations of the vegetative period in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Fennia 157: 2: 171-197.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lähde, E. 1974. Rate of decomposition of cellulose in forest soils in various parts of the Nordic countries. - Rep. Kevo Subarct. Res. Stn 11: 72-78.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lahti, T. & Väisänen, R.A. 1987. Ecological gradients of boreal forests in South Finland: an ordination test of Cajander’s forest site type theory. - Vegetatio 68: 145-156.10.1007/BF00114715
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lid, J., Lid., D.T. & Elven, R. 1994. Norsk flora, ed. 6. - Norske Samlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lindgren, L. 1975. Beech forest vegetation and soil in Sweden. - In: Dierschke, H. (ed.), Vegetation und Substrat, Cramer, Vaduz, pp. 401-418.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lotus Development Corporation, 1989. LOTUS 1-2-3 Release 3. Reference manual. - Lotus Development Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Malmström, C. 1949. Studier över skogstyper och trädslagsfåordelning inom Västerbottens län. - Meddn St. Skogsförslnst. 37: 1-231.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Manugistics, Inc. 1992. STATGRAPHICS Plus, Version 6. - Manugistics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mikola, P. 1955. Kokeellisia tutkimuksia metsäkarikkeiden hajaantumisnopeudesta. -Communtnes Inst. for. fenn. 43: 1: 1-50. (Eng. summ.: Experiments on the rate of decomposition of forest litter)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mikola, P. 1960. Comparative experiments on decomposition rates of forest litter in southern and northern Finland. - Oikos 11: 161-166.10.2307/3564889
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Minchin, P.R. 1987. An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. - Vegetatio 69: 89-107.10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Minchin, P.R. 1990. DECODA Version 2.01. - Dept. Biogeogr. Geomorph., Aust. natn. Univ., Canberra.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moe, B. 1994a. Inventering av vemeverdig skog i Agder. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 306: 1-99.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moe, B. 1994b. Inventering av vemeverdig skog i Agder. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 307: 1-106.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moen, A. & Odland, A. 1993. Vegetasjonsseksjoner i Norge. - Univ. Trondheim VitenskMus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1993: 2: 37-53.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nellemann, C. & Frogner, T. 1994. Spatial patterns of spruce defoliation: relation to acid deposition, critical loads, and natural growth conditions in Norway. - Ambio 23: 255-259.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nykvist, N. 1961a. Leaching and decomposition of litter. III. Experiments on leaf litter of Betula verrucosa. - Oikos 12: 249-263.10.2307/3564699
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nykvist, N. 1961 b. Leaching and decomposition of litter. IV. Experiments on leaf litter of Picea abies. - Oikos 12: 264-279.10.2307/3564700
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nystuen, J.P. & Trømborg, D. 1972. Berggrunn, løsavsetninger og landformer. - Norg. Nasjonalparker 4: 14-25.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Odland, A., Birks, H.J.B. & Line, J.M. 1990. Quantitative vegetation-environment relationships in west Norwegian tall-fem vegetation. - Nord. J. Bot. 10: 511-533.10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb02095.x719233132834196
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oechel, W.C. & van Cleve, K. 1986. The role of bryophytes in nutrient cycling in the taiga. -Ecol. Stud. 57: 121-137.10.1007/978-1-4612-4902-3_9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, B. 1994. Mycetophilidae (Diptera), an insect group vulnerable to forest practices? A comparison of clearcut, managed and semi-natural spruce forests in southern Norway. -Biodiv. Conserv. 3: 68-85.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1989. A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE Norway. I. Introduction, flora, vegetation and ecological conditions. - Sommerfeltia 8: 1-172.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
1990a. Vegetation ecology: theory, methods and applications with reference to Fennoscandia. - Sommerfeltia Suppl. 1: 1-233.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1990b. A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, Redenes, SE Norway. II. Identification of gradients by detrended (canonical) correspondence analysis. - Nord. J. Bot. 10: 79-108.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1994. Patterns of bryophyte associations at different scales in a Norwegian boreal spruce forest. - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 127-138.10.2307/3235646
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1995a. Bryophyte and lichen persistence patterns in a Norwegian boreal coniferous forest. - Lindbergia 19: 50-62.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1995b. Population biology of the clonal moss Hylocomium splendens in Norwegian boreal spruce forests. I. Demography. - J. Ecol. 83: 697-712.10.2307/2261637
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. 1995c. Species abundance variation in the boreal coniferous forest floor art Solhomfjell, S Norway, 1988-93. - Nord. J. Bot. 15: 415-438.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. & Bendiksen, E. 1985. The vegetation of the forest-alpine transition in the Grunningsdalen area, Telemark, SE Norway. - Sommerfeltia 2: 1-224.10.2478/som-1985-0002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. & Eilertsen, O. 1993. Vegetation-environment relationships of boreal coniferous forests in the Solhomfjell area, Gjerstad, S Norway. Sommerfeltia 16: 1-254.10.2478/som-1993-0002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H. & Eilertsen, O. 1994. Canonical correspondence analysis with variation partitioning: some comments and an application. - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 117-126.10.2307/3235645
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H., Eilertsen, O. & Økland, T. 1990. On the relationship between sample plot size and beta diversity in boreal coniferous forests. -Vegetatio 87: 187-192.10.1007/BF00042954
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, R.H., Eilertsen, O. in press. Dynamics of understory vegetation in a Norwegian old-growth boreal coniferous forest, during a six-year period. - J. Veg. Sci. 7: in press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, T. 1988. An ecological approach to the investigation of a beech forest in Vestfold, SE. Norway. - Nord. J. Bot. 8: 375-407.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, T. 1989. Program “Overvåking av skogens sunnhetstilstand”: Vegetasjonsøkologisk overvåking av boreal barskog i Norge. i. Rausjømarka i Akershus. - Norsk Inst. for Jord- og Skogkartlegging, Ås.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, T.1990. Vegetational and ecological monitoring of boreal forests in Norway. I. Rausjømarka in Akershus county, SE Norway. - Sommerfeltia 10: 1-52.10.2478/som-1990-0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Økland, T. 1993. Vegetasjonsøkologisk overvåking av barskog i Gutulia nasjonalpark. - Norsk Inst. Jord- Skogkartlegging Rapp. 1993: 6: 1-76.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oftedahl, C. 1980. Geology of Norway. - Norg. geol. Unders. 356: 3-114.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oksanen, J. 1983. Ordination of boreal heath-like vegetation with principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and multidimensional scaling. - Vegetatio 52: 181-189.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oksanen, J. 1988. A note on the occasional instability of detrending in correspondence analysis. -Vegetatio 74: 29-32.10.1007/BF00045610
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Olsen, R. 1990. Mikrobielle prosesser i jord sett i forhold til skogens vekst og vitalitet. -Aktuelt norsk Inst. Skogforsk. 5: 50-61.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Owen, D.B. 1962. Handbook of statistical tables. - Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pakarinen, P. 1978. Production and nutrient ecology of three Sphagnum species in south Finnish raised bogs. - Annis bot. fenn. 15: 15-26.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palmer, M.W. 1993. Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. - Ecology 74: 2215-2230.10.2307/1939575
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Parker, K.C. 1988. Environmental relationships and vegetation associates of columnar cacti in the northern Sonoran desert. - Vegetatio 78: 125-140.10.1007/BF00033422
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pearson, K. 1901. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. - Phil. Mag., 6. Ser. 2: 559-572.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pedersen, O. 1988. Biological Data Program/PC. Version 1.01. Brukerveiledning. -VegeDataConsult, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Peet, R.K., Knox, R.G., Case, J.S. & Allen, R.B. 1988. Putting things in order: the advantages of detrended correspondence analysis. - Am. Nat. 131: 924-934.10.1086/284833
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Redhead, S.A. 1981. Parasitism of bryophytes by agarics. - Can. J. Bot. 59: 63-67.10.1139/b81-011
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Reite, A.J. 1984. Beskrivelse til kvartrergeologisk kart 1521 II - M 1:50000 (med fargetrykt kart). - Norg. geol. Unders. Skr. 54: 1-23.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rørå, A. 1988. Instruks for prosjektet “Overvåking av skogens helsetilstand”. - Norsk Inst. Jord- og Skogkartlegging, Ås, unpubl.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rørå, A., Kvamme, H., Larsson, J.Y., Nyborg, Å. & Økland, T. 1988. Rapport 1988. Program “Overvåking av skogens sunnhetstilstand”. - Norsk Inst. Jord- Skogkartlegging, Ås.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Romell, L.G. 1935. Ecological problems of the humus layer in the forest. - Com. Univ. agr. Exp. Stn Mem. 170: 1-28.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rosén, K. & Lundmark-Thelin, A. 1985. Kemiska förändringar i nederbörden vid passagen av kronskiktet i en mellansvensk barrblandskog. - Sver. LantbrUniv. Rapp. Skogsekol. skogl. Marklära 51: 1-16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rydgren, K. 1993. Herb-rich spruce forests in W Nordland, N Norway: an ecological and methodological study. - Nord. J. Bot. 13: 667-690.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rydgren, K. 1994. Low-alpine vegetation in Gutulia National Park, Engerdal, Hedmark, Norway, and its relation to the environment. Sommerfeltia 21: 1-47.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ryvarden, L. 1972. Øvre Pasvik - Stabbursdalen: Landskap og fjellgrunn. - Norg. Nasjonalparker 3: 18-38.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Schaetzl, R.J., Bums, S.F., Johnson, D.L. & Small, T.W. 1989. Tree uprooting: review of impacts on forest ecology. - Vegetatio 79: 165-176.10.1007/BF00044908
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Schütt, P. & Cowling, E.B. 1985. Waldsterben, a general decline of forests in Central Europe: Symptoms, development and possible causes. - Pl. Dis. 69: 548-558.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sepponen, P. 1985. The ecological classification of sorted soils of varying genesis in northern Finland. - Communtnes Inst. for. fenn. 129: 1-77.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sigmond, E.M.O., Gustavson, M. & Roberts, D. 1984. Berggrunnskart over Norge. 1: 1 000 000. - Norg. geol. Unders., Trondheim.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Simard, R.R. & N’dayegamiye, A. 1993. Nitrogen-mineralization potential of meadow soils. -Can. J. Soil Sci. 73: 27-38.10.4141/cjss93-003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sirén, G. 1955. The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites in northern Finland and its ecology. - Acta for. fenn. 62: 1-408.10.14214/aff.7453
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sjörs, H. 1948. Myrvegetation i Bergslagen. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 21: 1-299.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sjörs, H. 1963. Amphi-atlantic zonation. Nemoral to arctic. - In: Löve, Á. & Löve, D. (eds), North Atlantic biota and their history, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 109-125.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Skinnemoen, K. 1969. Skogskjøtsel. Landbruksforlaget, Oslo.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smith, R.I.L. 1978. Summer and winter concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium in some maritime Antarctic cryptogams. - J. Ecol. 66: 891-909.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smith, T.M. & Urban, D.L. 1988. Scale and resolution of forest structural pattern. - Vegetatio 74: 143-150.10.1007/BF00044739
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Staaf, H. 1982. Plant nutrient changes in beech leaves during senescence as influenced by site characteristics. - Acta oecol. 3: 161-170.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stålfelt, M.G. 1937a. Der Gasaustauch der Moose. - Planta 27: 30-60.10.1007/BF01939374
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stålfelt, M.G.1937b. Die Bedeutung der Vegetation im Wasserhaushalt des Bodens. - Svenska Skogsvårdsfören. Tidskr. 35: 161-195.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Statens Forurensningstilsyn, 1992. Overvaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør. -St. Progm. Forurensningsovervåking Rapp. 506: 1-360.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Svalastog, D. & Korsmo, H. 1995. Inventering av verneverdig barskog i Buskerud. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Oppdragsmeld. 360: 1-180.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sveian, H. 1984. Bjøllådal. Beskrivelse til kvartrergeologisk kart 2028 II - M 1 :50000 (med fargetrykt kart). - Norg. geol. Unders. Skr. 56: 1-39.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tamm, C.O. 1953. Growth, yield and nutrition in carpets of a forest moss (Hylocomium splendens). - Meddn St. Skogsforsklnst. 43: 1: 1-140.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tamm, C.O. 1991. Nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Questions of productivity, vegetational changes, and ecosystem stability. - Ecol. Stud. 81: 1-116.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tamm, O. 1959. Studier över klimatets humiditet i Sverige. - K. skogshögsk. Skr. 32: 1-48.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tarkhova, T.N. & Ipatov, V.S. 1975. Effect of illumination and litter on the development of some moss species. - Soviet J. Ecol. 6: 43-48.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Taylor, B.R., Prescott, C.E., Parsons, W.J.F. & Parkinson, D. 1991. Substrate control oflitter decomposition in four Rocky Mountain coniferous forests. - Can. J. Bot. 69: 2242-2250.10.1139/b91-281
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Taylor, S.J., Carleton, T.J. & Adams, P. 1987. Understorey vegetation change in a Picea mariana chronosequence. - Vegetatio 73: 63-72.10.1007/BF00031853
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. - Ecology 67: 1167-1179.10.2307/1938672
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987a. The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis. - Vegetatio 69: 69-77.10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987b. CANOCO - a FOR TRAN program for canonical community ordination by (partial)(detrended)(canonical) correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 2.1). - TNO Inst. appl. Comp. Sci., Stat. Dept. Wageningen, Wageningen.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987c. Ordination. - In: Jongman, R.H.G., ter Braak, C.J.F. & van Tongeren, O.F.R. (eds.), Data analysis in community and landscape ecology, Pudoc, Wageningen, pp. 91-173.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1990. Update notes: CANOCO version 3.10. - Agricult. Math. Group, Wageningen.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ter Braak, C.J.F. & Prentice, I.C. 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. - Adv. ecol. Res. 18: 271-317.10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60183-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tonteri, T., Mikkola, K. & Lahti, T. 1990. Compositional gradients in the forest vegetation ofFinland. -J. Veg. Sci. 1: 691-698.10.2307/3235577
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tveite, B. 1987. Air pollution and forest damage in Norway. - NATO ASI Ser. G 16: 59-67.10.1007/978-3-642-70874-9_4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tveite, B. & Braastad, H. 1984. Bonitering av gran, furu og bj0rk. - Norsk Skogbr. 27: 4: 17-22.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tyler, G. 1989. Interacting effects of soil acidity and canopy cover on the species composition of field-layer vegetation in oak/hornbeam forests. - For. Ecol. Mgmt 28: 101-114.10.1016/0378-1127(89)90063-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ulrich, B., Mayer, R. & Khanna, P.K. 1979. Deposition von Luftverunreinigungen und ihre Auswirkungen im Waldekosystemen im Soiling. - Sehr. forst. Fak. Univ. Göttingen 58: 1-291.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Cleve, L., Oliver, L., Schlentner, R., Viereck, L.A. & Dyrness, C.T. 1983. Productivity and nutrient cycling in taiga forest ecosystems. - Can. J. For. Res. 13: 747-766.10.1139/x83-105
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Varskog, P. 1995. A study of the chemical composition ofNorwegian forest soils with relation to climatic, pedological and edaphic factors. - Dr scient. Thesis, Univ. Trondheim, Trondheim.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Venn, K., Aamlid, D., Sletnes, A.I. & Joranger, E. 1993. Skogskadesituasjonen i Norge. Status 1992. - Rapp. Skogforsk. 1993: 18: 1-46.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wartenberg, D., Ferson, S. & Rohlf, F.J. 1987. Putting things in order: a critique of detrended correspondence analysis. - Am. Nat. 129: 434-448.10.1086/284647
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wold, O. 1989. Botaniske undersøkelser i Gutulia nasjonalpark 1988. - Fylkesmannen Hedmark Miljøvernavd. Rapp. 29: 1-32.
]Search in Google Scholar
