Knowledge of Healthcare Workers Regarding Road Traffic Child Safety in South Bačka District, Serbia

General characteristics of the participants based on the department’s activity_

	Total (n=317)	Paediatric activity (n=90)	Total (n=317)	p-value1
Sex
male	42 (13.3)	7 (7.8)	35 (15.4)	0.07
female	275 (86.7)	83 (92.2)	192 (84.6)
Age, mean (SD)	40.2 (11.7)	40.7 (11.7)	40.1 (11.7)	0.622
Age category
19–29 years	67 (21.1)	18 (20)	49 (21.6)	0.83
30–39 years	85 (26.8)	22 (24.5)	63 (27.8)
40–49 years	91 (28.7)	29 (32.2)	62 (27.3)
50–65 years	74 (23.4)	21 (23.3)	53 (23.3)
Number of underage children
none	189 (59.6)	52 (57.8)	137 (60.3)	0.905
one	56 (17.7)	17 (18.9)	39 (17.2)
two or more	72 (22.7)	21 (23.3)	51 (22.5)
Level of healthcare institution
primary	212 (66.9)	38 (42.2)	174 (76.7)	<0.001
secondary	36 (11.3)	3 (3.3)	33 (14.5)
tertiary	69 (21.8)	49 (54.5)	20 (8.8)
Profession
doctor	86 (27.1)	13 (14.5)	73 (32.2)	<0.001
nurse	188 (59.3)	56 (62.2)	132 (58.2)
high/higher nurse	43 (13.6)	21 (23.3)	22 (9.7)
Years of work, mean (SD)	15.9 (11.6)	17.4 (11.8)	15.2 (11.5)	0.088
Years of work category
<1 year	17 (5.4)	3 (3.3)	14 (6.2)	0.133
1–5 years	71 (22.4)	22 (24.5)	49 (21.6)
6–20 years	124 (39.1)	28 (31.1)	96 (42.3)
>20 years	105 (33.1)	37 (41.1)	68 (29.9)
Counselling about RTI prevention during work time
yes	29 (9.2)	10 (11.1)	19 (8.4)	0.445
no	288 (90.8)	80 (88.9)	208 (91.6)
Participation in road safety education in the past 3 years
yes	41 (12.9)	18 (20.0)	23 (10.1)	0.018
no	276 (87.1)	72 (80.0)	204 (89.9)

Number of correct answers based on general characteristics of the study participants_

	Total, mean (SD)	Paediatric activity, mean (SD)	Other medical activity, mean (SD)	p-value1
Sex
male	21.6 (4.9)	20.9 (5.9)	21.8 (4.7)	0.72
female	22.4 (3.8)	23.5 (3.1)	22.0 (4.0)	<0.001
Age category
19–29 years	21.5 (4.1)	21.3 (4.3)	21.6 (4.1)	0.992
30–39 years	22.7 (4.0)	24.5 (2.8)	22.1 (4.2)	0.023
40–49 years	22.6 (3.9)	23.8 (2.1)	22.1 (4.4)	0.054
50–65 years	22.2 (3.9)	23.1 (4.1)	21.8 (3.8)	0.092
Number of underage children
none	21.7 (4.2)	22.8 (3.8)	21.3 (4.2)	0.002
one	23.6 (3.3)	24.1 (2.4)	23.5 (3.6)	0.863
two or more	22.9 (3.7)	23.9 (3.0)	22.6 (3.9)	0.167
Level of healthcare institution
primary	21.6 (4.2)	22.6 (3.6)	21.3 (4.3)	0.042
secondary	23.4 (2.4)	24.0 (1.0)	23.4 (2.5)	0.641
tertiary	24.1 (3.1)	23.8 (3.3)	24.8 (2.6)	0.343
Profession
doctor	22.8 (3.6)	23.9 (2.5)	22.6 (3.8)	0.288
nurse	21.9 (4.2)	23.1 (3.7)	21.5 (4.4)	0.007
high/higher nurse	23.0 (3.2)	23.5 (3.2)	22.5 (3.3)	0.135
Years of work category
<1 year	22.3 (4.5)	22.7 (0.6)	22.2 (4.9)	0.941
1–5 years	21.7 (4.3)	22.1 (4.5)	21.6 (4.2)	0.545
6–20 years	22.9 (3.7)	24.3 (2.2)	22.5 (4.0)	0.024
>20 years	22.1 (3.9)	23.3 (3.4)	21.4 (4.0)	0.006
Counselling about RTI prevention during work time
yes	22.4 (4.7)	24.3 (3.8)	21.4 (4.9)	0.07
no	22.3 (3.9)	23.2 (3.4)	22.0 (4.0)	0.008
Participation in road safety education in the past 3 years
yes	22.2 (4.9)	24.6 (2.3)	20.3 (5.6)	0.013
no	22.3 (3.8)	23.0 (3.6)	22.1 (3.9)	0.035

Univariate and multivariate analyses of association between personal characteristics of HCW and performance in the knowledge test_

	Coef.	95% CI	p-value	Model 1			Model 2
				Coef.	95% CI	p-value	Coef.	95% CI	p-value
Sex
male	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
female	0.81	−0.49–2.11	0.219	0.63	−0.66–1.92	0.336	0.8	−0.43–2.04	0.203
Age, mean (SD)	0.01	−0.03–0.05	0.581	0.01	−0.03–0.05	0.628	0.04	0.01–0.08	0.02
Age category
19–29 years	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
30–39 years	1.21	−0.06–2.49	0.063	1.22	−0.04–2.49	0.057	1.19	−0.15–2.53	0.081
40–49 years	1.14	−0.12–2.40	0.075	1.07	−0.17–2.32	0.091	1.49	0.15–2.83	0.03
50–65 years	0.7	−0.62–2.01	0.3	0.67	−0.63–1.98	0.309	1.63	0.33–2.93	0.014
Number of underage children
none	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	-	-	-
one	1.95	0.78–3.12	0.001	1.91	0.75–3.07	0.001	-	-	-
two or more	1.25	0.19–2.32	0.021	1.23	0.18–2.28	0.022	-	-	-
Level of healthcare institution
primary	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	-	-	-
secondary	1.88	0.52–3.24	0.007	1.94	0.57–3.30	0.005	-	-	-
tertiary	2.51	1.47–3.56	<0.001	2.21	1.01–3.40	<0.001	-	-	-
Profession
doctor	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
nurse	−0.82	−1.84–0.19	0.112	−1.03	−2.05–(−0.02)	0.046	−1.54	−2.53–(−0.55)	0.002
high/higher nurse	0.22	−1.24–1.68	0.766	−0.27	−1.74–1.21	0.723	−0.17	−1.55–1.21	0.813
Department’s main activity
Paediatric activity	1.37	0.40–2.33	0.006	-	-	-	0.4	−0.64–1.43	0.449
Other medical activity	ref.	ref.	ref.	-	-	-	ref.	ref.	ref.
Years of work	−0.01	−0.04–0.03	0.771	−0.01	−0.05–0.03	0.592	0.02	−0.02–0.06	0.331
Years of work category
<1 year	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
1–5 years	−0.55	−2.66–1.56	0.61	−0.75	−2.83–1.34	0.481	−0.32	−2.34–1.71	0.757
6–20 years	0.59	−1.43–2.61	0.564	0.52	−1.47–2.51	0.609	1.08	−0.10–3.16	0.308
>20 years	−0.25	−2.29–1.79	0.812	−0.51	−2.53–1.51	0.619	0.65	−1.35–2.66	0.521
Counselling about RTI prevention during work time
yes	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
no	−0.1	−1.63–1.43	0.896	−0.01	−1.52–1.50	0.99	−0.02	−1.49–1.44	0.976
Participation in road safety education in the past 3 years
yes	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
no	0.17	−1.14–1.48	0.795	0.42	−0.88–1.73	0.524	0.52	−0.74–1.78	0.418

Number of correct answers by study participants and across the department’s main medical activity_

	Total, n (%)	Paediatric activity (n=90)	Other medical activity (n=227)	p-value1
Total correct answers on test, mean (SD)	22.3 (4.0)	23.3 (3.4)	21.9 (4.1)	0.002
How many people die every year as a result of traffic accidents in the world?	151 (47.6)	53 (58.9)	98 (43.2)	0.012
Leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years in the world?	267 (84.2)	73 (81.1)	194 (85.5)	0.338
What is primary prevention of RTI?	245 (77.3)	76 (84.4)	169 (74.5)	0.055
Child seats and boosters reduce the risk of injury and death in a crash by what percentage?	234 (73.8)	67 (74.4)	167 (73.6)	0.873
Leading cause of death among children aged 1–14 years in Serbia	270 (85.2)	82 (91.1)	188 (82.8)	0.061
Minimum height for transition from booster seat belt to seat belt only	213 (67.2)	56 (62.2)	157 (69.2)	0.235
According to Serbian law, a child of what age can sit in the front seat	129 (40.7)	42 (46.7)	87 (38.3)	0.173
Whether the use of seat belts in both the front and back seats is mandatory by law	253 (79.8)	76 (84.4)	177 (78.0)	0.196
Is it prescribed by law in Serbia that in public transport we have to use a child car seat	153 (48.3)	46 (51.1)	107 (47.1)	0.523
For pregnant women it is prescribed by law that they must use a seat belt	286 (90.2)	85 (94.4)	201 (88.6)	0.111
The best possible protection for babies while riding in the car	286 (90.2)	84 (93.3)	202 (89.0)	0.24
Minimum age an infant can be forward-facing	98 (30.9)	32 (35.6)	66 (29.1)	0.26
A sign that you’ve outgrown the rear-facing car seat is	269 (84.9)	77 (85.6)	192 (84.6)	0.827
A properly restrained child in a car seat means	270 (85.2)	78 (86.7)	192 (84.6)	0.638
How many fingers can fit between the child’s chest and harness if they are properly tight	264 (83.3)	79 (87.8)	185 (81.5)	0.177
Child car seats are installed safely if they are in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions	256 (80.8)	83 (92.2)	173 (76.2)	0.001
A newborn’s first ride should be in a rear-facing car seat	273 (86.1)	82 (91.1)	191 (84.1)	0.106
Minimum height, weight and age to transition from car seat to booster seat	197 (62.2)	63 (70.0)	134 (59.0)	0.069
Minimum height and weight to graduate from booster seat with seat belt to seat belt only	119 (37.5)	33 (36.7)	86 (37.9)	0.84
Should we tighten the child in a car seat in a winter jacket?	248 (78.2)	67 (74.4)	181 (79.7)	0.303
Whether between the child and the car seat we can put something that is not an original part of the car seat (towel, blanket)	272 (85.8)	78 (86.7)	194 (85.5)	0.782
Each seat has a guarantee period for safe use specified by the manufacturer	229 (72.2)	71 (78.9)	158 (69.6)	0.096
Knowledge of the correct handling of the child car seat	276 (87.1)	84 (93.3)	192 (84.6)	0.036
Knowledge of the need to deactivate the airbag	303 (95.6)	89 (98.9	214 (94.3)	0.125
Regular use of seatbelts	269 (84.9)	79 (87.8)	190 (83.70)	0.361
Regular use of head restraints in the car	294 (92.7)	87 (96.7)	207 (91.2)	0.099
Responsibility for child RTI	292 (92.1)	84 (93.3)	208 (91.6)	0.612
Health providers are important partners in promoting the importance and proper use of child car seats	88 (27.8)	19 (21.1)	69 (30.4)	0.096
Advising parents on the importance of car seats	286 (90.2)	86 (95.6)	200 (88.1)	0.057
Source of information on proper use of car seats	286 (90.2)	86 (95.6)	200 (88.1)	0.057