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Yoga exercise intervention improves balance control and prevents falls in seniors aged 65+

Milada Krejčí
Milada Krejčí
, 
Martin Hill
Martin Hill
, 
Jiří Kajzar
Jiří Kajzar
, 
Miroslav Tichý
Miroslav Tichý
 and 
Vaclav Hošek
Vaclav Hošek
   | Mar 21, 2022
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Article Category: Original scientific article
Published Online: Mar 21, 2022
Page range: 85 - 92
Received: Jul 14, 2021
Accepted: Jan 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0012
Keywords
© 2022 National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Significant differences in pre-post changes (significant Group × Pre-Post interaction) in the Tinetti balance test scores, body composition and social indicators after the balance-exercise intervention when a comparison is made between the experimental and control groups of monitored female seniors (N=266; experimental group: 140 females; control group: 126 females).

Variable Experiment ANOVA, factors and interaction
Stage
 Group
 Pre-Post
 Group × Stage
 Subj( Group)
Pre Post F p η p2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2
Static balance score - 13.5 (13.4, 13.5) 13.6 (13.5, 13.6) 16.9 <0.001 0.063 23.3 <0.001 0.084 0.7 0.404 <0.01 161.5 <0.001 0.994
+ 13.6 (13.5, 13.6) 13.7 (13.7, 13.8)
Dynamic balance - 10.4 (10.3, 10.4) 10.4 (10.4, 10.5) <0.1 0.906 <0.01 11.5 <0.001 0.041 4.9 0.027 0.018 38.4 <0.001 0.975
(gait score) + 10.3 (10.2, 10.3) 10.5 (10.5, 10.5)
Total balance score - 23.8 (23.7, 23.9) 24 (23.9, 24.1) 4.6 0.032 0.017 35.5 <0.001 0.116 9.7 0.002 0.035 84 <0.001 0.988
+ 23.8 (23.7, 23.8) 24.3 (24.3, 24.4)
Body fat (%) - 35 (34.8, 35.3) 34.9 (34.6, 35.1) 29.5 <0.001 0.121 47.2 <0.001 0.18 34.3 <0.001 0.138 95.8 <0.001 0.99
+ 35.1 (34.9, 35.3) 33.2 (33.1, 33.4)
Muscle mass (kg) - 29.2 (29.1, 29.3) 29.5 (29.4, 29.6) 2.2 0.142 0.01 102.6 <0.001 0.328 32.4 <0.001 0.134 106 <0.001 0.991
+ 29 (28.9, 29) 30 (29.9, 30.1)
Q3 Vigorous activities - 1.76 (1.74, 1.78) 1.73 (1.71, 1.75) 2.9 0.089 0.011 <0.1 0.94 <0.01 5.2 0.023 0.019 15.2 <0.001 0.938
+ 1.71 (1.69, 1.73) 1.74 (1.73, 1.76)
Q7 Climbing one - 2.57 (2.54, 2.59) 2.55 (2.52, 2.57) 57.3 <0.001 0.175 1.9 0.173 <0.01 6.7 0.01 0.024 30.3 <0.001 0.968
flight of stairs + 2.4 (2.38, 2.42) 2.47 (2.45, 2.49)
Q24 To be nervous - 4.44 (4.37, 4.52) 4.33 (4.25, 4.4) 0.5 0.489 <0.01 <0.1 0.907 <0.01 5.7 0.018 0.021 9.8 <0.001 0.907
+ 4.36 (4.31, 4.42) 4.47 (4.42, 4.52)
Q25 Depressive feelings - 5.32 (5.26, 5.38) 5.25 (5.19, 5.31) 6.2 0.013 0.022 0.1 0.819 <0.01 4.5 0.034 0.017 11.9 <0.001 0.923
+ 5.15 (5.1, 5.19) 5.24 (5.19, 5.28)
Q31 To feel tired - 3.66 (3.6, 3.72) 3.55 (3.49, 3.62) 22.9 <0.001 0.078 0.3 0.596 <0.01 4.3 0.039 0.016 13.5 <0.001 0.931
+ 3.76 (3.72, 3.81) 3.82 (3.78, 3.87)

Basal values (shown as median with quartiles) of monitored groups of male seniors (N=234; Experimental group: 122 males; Control group: 112 males).

Variable Control group Experimental group p-value

Mann-Whitney test
Age (years) 71 (67.1, 74.3) 73 (68, 80) 0.186
Height (cm) 174 (170, 178) 174 (170, 180) 0.790
Weight (kg) 82 (73.8, 94.3) 85 (77.8, 90) 0.575
Body fat (%) 26 (22, 35) 26 (22, 33.3) 0.838
Muscle mass (kg) 34 (29, 39) 35 (30, 40) 0.388
Static balance score 14.5 (11, 16) 14 (10.8, 15) 0.394
Dynamic balance (gait score) 10 (9, 12) 10 (8, 12) 0.195
Total balance score 25 (21, 27) 24 (18, 27) 0.280

Basal values (shown as median with quartiles) of monitored groups of female seniors (N=266; Experimental group: 140 females; Control group: 126 females).

ID KS ES p-valuew
Age (years) 70 (67, 76) 73 (68, 80) 0.034
Height (cm) 164 (160, 168) 163 (158, 166) 0.409
Weight (kg) 73 (64, 81.2) 71.4 (62.5, 83) 0.487
Body fat (%) 33.5 (30, 42) 35 (27, 45.2) 0.959
Muscle mass (kg) 30 (25.3, 32.1) 30 (24, 32) 0.528
Static balance score 14 (11, 16) 15 (10, 16) 0.872
Dynamic balance (gait score) 10.5 (9, 12) 11 (8, 12) 0.800
Total balance score 24 (21, 27.8) 25 (18, 28) 0.823

Significant differences in pre-post changes (significant Group × Stage interaction) in the Tinetti balance test scores, body composition and social indicators after the balance-exercise intervention when a comparison is made between the experimental and control groups of monitored male seniors (N=234; experimental group: 122 males; control group: 112 males).

Variable Experiment ANOVA, factors and interaction
Stage
 Group
 Pre-Post
 Group × Stage
 Subj(Group)
Pre Post F p η p2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2
Static balance score - 13.8 (13.7, 13.9) 13.9 (13.8, 14) 30.2 <0.001 0.17 29.7 <0.001 0.167 11.1 0.001 0.07 46.1 <0.001 0.979
+ 13.2 (13.2, 13.3) 13.8 (13.7, 13.8)
Dynamic balance - 10.4 (10.3, 10.5) 10.3 (10.3, 10.4) 32 <0.001 0.173 6.9 0.01 0.043 13.3 < 0.001 0.08 34.2 <0.001 0.972
(gait score) + 9.9 (9.83, 9.96) 10.2 (10.2, 10.3)
Total balance score - 24.1 (24, 24.3) 24.2 (24.1, 24.3) 61 <0.001 0.29 24.5 <0.001 0.141 18.1 < 0.001 0.108 66.2 <0.001 0.985
+ 23.1 (23, 23.2) 23.9 (23.8, 24)
Body fat (%) - 26.6 (26.3, 26.9) 26.9 (26.6, 27.2) 14.3 <0.001 0.113 14.9 <0.001 0.117 30.5 < 0.001 0.214 60.3 <0.001 0.984
+ 26.9 (26.7, 27.2) 25.2 (25, 25.5)
Muscle mass (kg) - 33.9 (33.8, 34.1) 33.9 (33.7, 34) 243.8 <0.001 0.683 40.9 <0.001 0.266 48.7 < 0.001 0.301 155.6 <0.001 0.994
+ 34.8 (34.7, 34.9) 36.1 (36, 36.2)
Q12 Self-help ability - 2.96 (2.95, 2.98) 2.93 (2.92, 2.94) 61.8 <0.001 0.288 3.6 0.061 0.023 7.3 0.008 0.046 19 <0.001 0.95
+ 2.88 (2.87, 2.89) 2.89 (2.88, 2.9)
Q18 Accomplished - 1.85 (1.83, 1.87) 1.82 (1.8, 1.85) 20 <0.001 0.115 0.2 0.624 <0.01 4.8 0.03 0.03 14.5 <0.001 0.936
less than would like + 1.75 (1.73, 1.77) 1.79 (1.77, 1.81)
Q19 Less careful in - 1.85 (1.83, 1.87) 1.85 (1.83, 1.87) 54.5 <0.001 0.263 4.7 0.032 0.03 4.7 0.032 0.03 19.7 <0.001 0.952
work or other activities + 1.72 (1.7, 1.73) 1.78 (1.76, 1.8)
Q26 Feelings - 2.94 (2.85, 3.04) 2.64 (2.55, 2.73) 27.5 <0.001 0.153 7.3 0.008 0.046 5.8 0.018 0.036 11.9 <0.001 0.923
of calmness + 2.49 (2.42, 2.56) 2.47 (2.4, 2.54)
Q30 To be happy - 3.08 (2.98, 3.18) 2.83 (2.73, 2.92) 38 <0.001 0.199 2.1 0.151 0.013 6.6 0.012 0.041 11.7 <0.001 0.922
+ 2.53 (2.45, 2.6) 2.6 (2.52, 2.67)
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