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Shear Strength Enhancement of Cemented Reinforced Sand: Role of Cement Content on the Macro-Mechanical Behavior

Kheira Boutouba
Kheira Boutouba
, 
Ismail Benessalah
Ismail Benessalah
, 
Ahmed Arab
Ahmed Arab
 and 
Ahmed Djafar Henni
Ahmed Djafar Henni
   | Dec 30, 2019
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Article Category: Research Articles
Published Online: Dec 30, 2019
Page range: 200 - 211
Received: Jan 22, 2019
Accepted: Jul 06, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0020
Keywords
© 2019 Kheira Boutouba et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Scanning electron microscope view (SEM) of Chlef sand, Della et al. (2014).
Scanning electron microscope view (SEM) of Chlef sand, Della et al. (2014).

Figure 2

Grain size distribution curve of Chlef sand and cemented sand.
Grain size distribution curve of Chlef sand and cemented sand.

Figure 3

Materials used in this study: (a) Sand, (b) Cement, (c) Sample preparation.
Materials used in this study: (a) Sand, (b) Cement, (c) Sample preparation.

Figure 4

Influence of water content on the behavior of Chlef sand (σn = 100 kPa, Dr = 80%), (a): Shear stress as a function of horizontal displacement, (b): Vertical displacement as a function of horizontal displacement.
Influence of water content on the behavior of Chlef sand (σn = 100 kPa, Dr = 80%), (a): Shear stress as a function of horizontal displacement, (b): Vertical displacement as a function of horizontal displacement.

Figure 5

Cement content influence on the shear strength of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) ω = 3%, (b) ω = 7%, (c) ω = 10%.
Cement content influence on the shear strength of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) ω = 3%, (b) ω = 7%, (c) ω = 10%.

Figure 6

Cement content influence on the vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) ω = 3%, (b) ω = 7%, (c) ω = 10%.
Cement content influence on the vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) ω = 3%, (b) ω = 7%, (c) ω = 10%.

Figure 7

Evolution of the maximum shear strength of cemented reinforced sand as function of cement content (case of a water content ω = 10%).
Evolution of the maximum shear strength of cemented reinforced sand as function of cement content (case of a water content ω = 10%).

Figure 8

Influence of the cement content on the mechanical properties of cemented sand: (a) variation of the interlocking or intercept cohesion; (b) Variation of the friction angle.
Influence of the cement content on the mechanical properties of cemented sand: (a) variation of the interlocking or intercept cohesion; (b) Variation of the friction angle.

Figure 9

Influence of curing time on shear strength of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) after 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 28 days.
Influence of curing time on shear strength of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) after 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 28 days.

Figure 10

Influence of curing time on deformability of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) after 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 28 days.
Influence of curing time on deformability of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa), (a) after 7 days, (b) 14 days, (c) 28 days.

Figure 11

Influence of cure time on the maximum shear strength of cemented sand, (a) Normal stress of 100 kPa, (b) Normal stress of 200 kPa, (c) Normal stress of 400 kPa,.
Influence of cure time on the maximum shear strength of cemented sand, (a) Normal stress of 100 kPa, (b) Normal stress of 200 kPa, (c) Normal stress of 400 kPa,.

Figure 12

Influence of curing time on the mechanical characteristics of cemented sand.
Influence of curing time on the mechanical characteristics of cemented sand.

Chemical and mineralogical compositions of the cement.

CEM II/A
Chemical compositions (%)Mineralogical compositions (%)
SiO220.58C3S57.79
Al2O34.90C2S20.47
Fe2O34.70C3A7.20
CaO62.8C4AF11.49
SO32.28
MgO0.53
K2O0.42
Na2O0.12
Free lime2.17

Summary of our results with those found in the literature.

7 days14 days28 days
Cc (%)C (kPa)φ (°)C (kPa)φ (°)C (kPa)φ (°)
012.9236.5412.9236.5412.9236.54
2.547.2936.9107.0437.03122.9740.05
564.3138.41114.2242.19150.3841.51
7.592.4741140.5843.46153.7247.4
1098.7642.39180.6946.17206.5447.47
Amini et al (2013)Asghari et al (2003)Consoli et al (2009)
Cc (%)C (kPa)φ (°)Cc (%)C (kPa)Cc (%)C (kPa)
0038.740000
158.1542.281.5200119.5
29443.133250484
4.53757146.5
10328

Physical characteristics of Chlef sand and cemented sand.

MaterialsCc (%)γS (g/cm3)D50 (mm)CUnif (.)CCurv (.)emin (.)emax (.)
Sand02.7190.442.351.320.5880.853
sand cemented2.52.7350.432.51.40.5420.831
52.7650.422.661.50.5350.811
7.52.810.412.751.450.5290.815
102.8450.42.851.50.5170.823

Parameters of the experimental program.

Type of SamplesVertical stress (kPa)Water content (%)Cement content (%)Relative density (%)Time of cure (days)Number of tests
Uncemented10008009
samples200
40010
Cemented samples1002.5807108
200514
400107.528
10
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