The structural equation model of risk factors influencing government irrigation project

Fig. 1:

Fig. 2:

Fig. 3:

Factor loadings

Risk ID.	Component
	1	2	3	4	5	6
I1			0.733
I2	0.586
I3	0.545
I4	0.800
I5	0.813
I6	0.870
I7	0.797
I8	0.678
I9	0.867
I10	0.749
I11	0.895
I12	0.901
I13	0.848
I14	0.791
I15		0.931
I16		0.835
I17		0.893
I18		0.840
I19		0.374
I20		0.882
I21		0.816
I22		0.889
I23		0.885
I24		0.568
I25		0.928
I26		0.936
I27		0.936
I28		0.888
I29		0.882
I30			0.742
I31			0.681
I32	0.592
I33			0.594
I34		0.587
I35			0.665
I36			0.762
I37	0.622
I38	0.626
I39	0.623
I40	0.655
I41
I42			0.627
I43	0.685
I44
I45				0.551
I46				0.580
I47				0.609
I48	0.630
I49	0.659
I50	0.635
I51			0.882
I52			0.869
I53			0.932
I54			0.879
I55			0.917
I56			0.874

KMO and Bartlett’s test

KMO measure of sampling adequacy		0.943
Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approx. chi-square	38,752.817
	df	1,540
	Sig.	0.001

Index values of relations in SEM of risk management that affect the irrigation construction project before and after adjustment

Index	Criteria	Before adjusting model		After adjusting model
		Statistic	Result of consideration	Statistic	Result of consideration
χ2/df	<3.00	15.024	Unqualified	0.413	Qualified
p-value of χ2	>0.05	<0.001	Unqualified	0.799	Qualified
NFI	>0.90	0.864	Unqualified	0.999	Qualified
GFI	>0.90	0.856	Unqualified	0.999	Qualified
CFI	>0.95	0.856	Qualified	0.999	Qualified
RMR	<0.08	6.619	Unqualified	0.029	Qualified
RMSEA	<0.08	0.175	Unqualified	0.001	Qualified

Risk factors at a sublevel that affect the construction of an irrigation project

Risk ID.	Descriptive	Reference
I1	Delays caused by the approval – details of the construction plan (Shop drawing) of the employers	E, T, O, Q, S
I2	Delay factors caused by the approval-material of the employers	E, T, O, S
I3	Lack of a good coordination system between parties involved with each other	F, T, O, S, P
I4	The factor of the employer planning the construction project is not detailed (not clear)	G, T, Q, S
I5	Mistakes against employer’s strike order	H, R, T
I6	The contractor lacks knowledge and experience in construction techniques	F, T, S, P
I7	The contractor does not pay attention to construction safety	I, T, Q, P
I8	Accidents caused by the contractor’s construction, such as falls from heights, impacts, etc.	I, Q, S, P
I9	The employers lack control and inspection of the income-expensing accounting system of the construction project	J, Q, S, P
I10	Delays in recognising and solving problems between the individuals involved	J, O, S
I11	Mistake of communication	F, T, O, Q
I12	The contractor breaches the terms of the contract	J, O, P
I13	The text of the contract is unclear in terms of meaning, responsibility, or contract details	J, Q
I14	Continuity in construction work	F, R, O, P
I15	Availability of labour in terms of number and skill.	J, O, P
I16	Coordination between parties involved in the project	F, Q, P
I17	Project management and site supervision	F, R, S
I18	Financial liquidity of construction projects	J, R, S, P
I19	Period for disbursing money from project owners and contractors	J, Q, S, P
I20	Accuracy and suitability of design data	J, Q, S
I21	The perfection of the design and the details of the design.	K, Q, S
I22	Project planning and budgeting	J, R, O, Q
I23	Delivery of the construction site	J, R, O, Q
I24	Competence and compliance of subcontractors	J, S, P
I25	Personnel competence	L, T, S
I26	Personnel commitment	L, T, P
I27	Communication and coordination	J, Q, S, P
I28	Financial management	J, R, O, P
I29	Surveillance and monitoring of performance	J, P
I30	Late approval of the construction of drawings (Shop Drawing)	J, T, O
I31	The delay from the owner of the project in answering questions from the contractor	J, S
I32	Installation payments are not as scheduled	J, R, Q, S, P
I33	Deficiencies and unclear construction contracts	J, R, Q, S, P
I34	Details of designs used in construction	K, Q, S, P
I35	Interference with the contractor from the owner	J, Q
I36	Interfering with the contractor’s work by other contractors or other owners.	J, S
I37	Lack of expertise in the work of supervisors	F, O, S, P
I38	The number of supervisors is insufficient	J, S
I39	Supervisors have multiple chains of command, resulting in delayed decision-making	J, T, S
I40	Failure to take ownership of the construction site and the use of rights on route to the construction site	J, T
I41	Discovery of antiquities or ancient civilisation sites in construction sites	J, S
I42	Obstruction of buildings, restricted trees and utilities of other agencies	J
I43	The problem of working space conditions has changed from the counterparty contract model	J, R, S
I44	Problems with the condition of the work site. Hard stones are obstructed, causing the need to use tools. special in destruction	J, S
I45	The delay in submitting the construction drawing (Shop Drawing) is delayed	J, R, Q, S
I46	The delay in submitting construction drawings (As build Drawing) is delayed	E, R, Q
I47	the lack of experience of personnel and expertise in operations or construction planning	J, R, Q, S, P
I48	Delays caused by subcontractor work	E, T, P
I49	The building does not comply with the contract without matching the specifications or construction drawings	J, Q
I50	Failure to comply with the request of the owner of the work that the contractor has agreed to according to that request	J, Q, S
I51	Deficiencies in tracking tasks and adjusting work plans	J, Q, S
I52	Disorders in coordination on site	N, U, Q, S
I53	Lack of management and coordination within the contractor’s organisation	J, T, O, P
I54	Delay in procurement of equipment or construction materials	J, T, Q, S, P
I55	Using construction tools or equipment that do not meet the requirements	H, T, Q, S, P
I56	Lack of financial liquidity of contractors	M, O, S
Y1	Duration	D
Y2	Budget	D
Y3	Quality	D

Number of components, eigenvalue, percentage of variance and percentage of cumulative variance

Components	Initial eigenvalues
	Total	% of variance	Cumulative%
1	22.747	40.620	40.620
2	12.176	21.742	62.362
3	5.225	9.331	71.693
4	1.910	3.411	75.104
5	1.462	2.611	77.715
6	1.104	1.972	79.687

Risk group

Risk group defining	Risk factors	Risk ID.
1. The inefficiency of legal administration	Delay factors caused by the approval-material of the employers	I2
	Lack of a good coordination system between parties involved with each other	I3
	The factors of the employees planning the construction project are not detailed (not clear)	I4
	Mistakes against employer’s strike order	I5
1. The inefficiency of legal administration	The contractor lacks knowledge and experience in construction techniques	I6
	The contractor does not pay attention to construction safety	I7
	Accidents caused by the contractor’s construction, such as falls from heights and impacts	I8
	The employers lack control and inspection of the income-expense accounting system of the construction project	I9
	delays in recognising and solving problems between the individuals involved	I10
	Mistake of communication	I11
	The contractor breaches the terms of the contract.	I12
	The text of the contract is unclear. both in terms of meaning, responsibility, contract details	I13
	Continuity in construction work	I14
	Instalment payments are not as scheduled.	I32
	Lack of expertise in the work of supervisors	I37
	The number of supervisors is insufficient	I38
	Supervisors have multiple chains of command, resulting in delayed decision-making	I39
	Failure to take ownership of the construction site and the use of rights on route to the construction site	I40
	The problem of working space conditions has changed from the counterparty contract model	I43
	Delays caused by subcontractor work	I48
	The building does not comply with the contract without matching the specifications or construction drawings	I49
	Failure to comply with the request of the owner of the work that the contractor has agreed to according to that request	I50
2. The inefficiency of construction management in project	Availability of labour in terms of number and skill	I15
	coordination between parties involved in the project	I16
2. The inefficiency of construction management in project	Project management and site supervision	I17
	Financial liquidity of construction projects	I18
	Period for disbursing money from project owners and contractors	I19
	Accuracy and suitability of design data	I20
	The perfection of the design and the details of the design.	I21
	Project planning and budgeting	I22
	delivery of the construction site	I23
	Competence and Compliance of Subcontractors	I24
	personnel competence	I25
	personnel commitment	I26
	communication and coordination	I27
	financial management	I28
	Surveillance and monitoring of performance	I29
	details of designs used in construction	I34
3. The inefficiency of contractor in project	Delays caused by the approval – details of the construction plan (shop drawing) of the employers	I1
	Late approval of the construction drawings (shop drawing).	I30
	The delay from the owner of the project in answering questions from the contractor.	I31
	Deficiencies and unclear construction contracts	I33
	Disorders in coordination on site	I52
	Lack of management and coordination within the contractor’s organisation	I53
	Delay in procurement of equipment or construction materials	I54
	Using construction tools or equipment that do not meet the requirements	I55
	Lack of financial liquidity of contractors	I56
4. The inefficiency of design in construction phase	The delay in submitting the construction drawing (shop drawing) is delayed	I45
	The delay in submitting construction drawings (as build drawing) is delayed	I46
	the lack of experience of personnel and expertise in operations or construction planning	I47
5. Discovery of antiquities at construction site	Discovery of antiquities or ancient civilisation sites in construction sites	I41
6. The condition of special work	Problems with the condition of the work site. Hard stones are obstructed, causing the need to use tools. special in destruction	I44

Overview of participant

Category	Component	Amount	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	326	70.87
	Female	135	29.13
Age (years)	<30	179	38.91
	31–50	223	48.48
	>50	58	12.61
Education	Vocational	80	17.39
	Higher vocational	169	36.74
	Bachelor	197	42.83
	Master or higher	14	3.04
Experience (years)	<5	149	32.39
	5–10	141	30.65
	11–30	145	31.52
	>30	25	5.43
Organisation	Government	119	25.87
	Private company	341	74.13
Position	Director	18	3.91
	Engineer	121	26.30
	Manager	29	6.30
	Officer	53	11.52
	Other (supervisor or subcontractor)	239	51.96

Mean and SD of risk factors

Risk ID.	Mean	SD
I1	3.33	0.90
I2	3.44	0.91
I3	3.08	0.71
I4	3.48	1.02
I5	3.38	1.07
I6	3.30	0.95
I7	3.35	1.11
I8	3.21	1.29
I9	3.13	0.97
I10	3.12	0.86
I11	3.28	0.96
I12	3.37	1.05
I13	3.15	0.87
I14	3.33	0.91
I15	2.85	0.95
I16	2.90	0.87
I17	2.83	1.05
I18	2.83	1.04
I19	2.95	2.27
I20	2.69	0.99
I21	2.75	1.09
I22	2.77	1.04
I23	2.83	0.97
I24	3.07	0.91
I25	2.76	1.07
I26	2.81	1.01
I27	2.82	1.02
I28	2.80	1.14
I29	2.84	1.16
I30	3.37	0.99
I31	3.13	0.82
I32	3.34	1.06
I33	3.30	0.95
I34	2.93	0.90
I35	3.18	1.02
I36	3.26	1.03
I37	3.34	0.91
I38	3.38	0.94
I39	3.50	0.98
I40	3.41	0.94
I41	3.29	1.70
I42	3.15	0.89
I43	3.25	0.77
I44	3.37	1.27
I45	3.19	0.96
I46	3.19	0.95
I47	3.26	0.94
I48	3.38	0.92
I49	3.30	0.99
I50	3.21	0.66
I51	3.22	0.96
I52	3.30	0.95
I53	3.22	1.07
I54	3.18	1.00
I55	3.13	1.08
I56	3.10	1.08
YI1	3.27	1.03
YI2	3.30	1.04
YI3	3.46	1.06