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Figure 1.
Industrial Revolution with key milestones and significance of AI towards human beings’ intelligence
Dimitris Mourtzis (ed.), Design and Operation of Production Networks for Mass Personalization in the Era of Cloud Technology, 1st ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2022; Saeid Nahavandi, “Industry 5.0—A Human-CentricSolution.” Sustainability 11 (2029): 4371..
Figure 2.
Main risk of 4IR to individual security (Source: Oldřich Kodym, Lukáš Kubáč and Libor Kavka)
Oldřich Kodym, Lukáš Kubáč and Libor Kavka, “Risks associated with Logistics 4.0 and their minimisation using Blockchain.” Open Engineering, 10(1) (2020):74–85..
Figure 3.
Industry 5.0 Main Pillars.
Figure 4.
Industry 5.0 Circular Economy (Michael Kirschner)
Michael Kirschner, (2022, April 18). “A brave new circular world.” EE Times. https://www.eetimes.com/a-brave-new-circular-world/.
Figure 5.
Industry 5.0 goals and the technological enablers. (Valeria Villani et al.)
Valeria Villani et al., “The INCLUSIVE System: A General Framework for Adaptive Industrial Automation.” EEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4 (2021): 1969–1982, DOI: 10.1109/TASE.2020.3027876..
Figure 6.
Future smart factories a hybrid of industry 4.0 and industry 5.0 (Mariia Golovianko, Vagan Teziyan, Vladyslav Barnytskyi and Diana Malyk)