Phenotypic and genetic antimicrobial resistance of the intestinal microbiota isolated from two alpacas (Vicugna pacos) post mortem
Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
Orcid profile, Karolina Wódz
Orcid profile, Zuzanna Janina Strzałkowska
Orcid profile, Piotr Kwieciński
Orcid profile, Monika Żychska
Orcid profile, Ewa Dorota Domańska
Orcid profile, Daria Kłosińska
Orcid profile, Blanka Orłowska
Orcid profile and Tomasz Nowak
Orcid profile 
Published Online: Jul 15, 2025
Received: Mar 27, 2025
Accepted: Jul 08, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0038
Keywords
© 2025 Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Introduction
In Poland, alpacas are commonly companion animals and producers of wool. Human-alpaca-environment interactions raise One Health concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). No medications are licensed in Poland for camelids, and so all are prescribed under the cascade; they include β-lactams, cephalosporin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Human and animal bacterial AMR is a matter of global concern. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic AMR among bacteria isolated from alpaca intestines.
Material and Methods
Fifty-four strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical methods. Antibacterial susceptibility was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations and by the Kirby–Bauer method.
Results
Conclusion
Alpacas should be monitored over an extended period to know the risk of transmission of AMR genes from components of their microbiome.