Phenotypic and genetic antimicrobial resistance of the intestinal microbiota isolated from two alpacas (Vicugna pacos) post mortem
Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Karolina Wódz
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab BrudzewBrudzew, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Zuzanna Janina Strzałkowska
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Piotr Kwieciński
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab BrudzewBrudzew, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Monika Żychska
Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Ewa Dorota Domańska
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Daria Kłosińska
Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
, Blanka Orłowska
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGWWarsaw, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
and Tomasz Nowak
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab BrudzewBrudzew, Poland
Orcid profileSearch for this author on
Jul 15, 2025
About this article
Published Online: Jul 15, 2025
Received: Mar 27, 2025
Accepted: Jul 08, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0038
Keywords
© 2025 Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of miscellaneous isolates from two alpacas’ intestinal swabs and faeces
| Species | Sample source (animal) | Antimicrobial resistance profile |
|---|---|---|
| small intestine ( |
PG-ERY | |
| rectum ( |
PG | |
| colon ( |
PG-DOX-OXY-ERY-SXT | |
| colon ( |
PG-DOX-OXY-ERY-SXT | |
| colon ( |
DOX-OXY-SXT |
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-negative Yersiniaceae isolates from two alpacas’ intestinal swabs and faeces
| Sample source (animal) | Antimicrobial resistance profile | Antimicrobial resistance gene | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colon ( |
AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-COL-PB-DOX-TET-FLO | ||
| small intestine ( |
CLE-CF-COL-PB-FLO | - | |
| faeces ( |
AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-COL-PB-FLO | - | |
| rectum ( |
CLE-CF-COL-PB-FLO | - | |
| faeces ( |
AMO-AMC-CF-COL-PB-DOX-TET-FLO |
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Bacillus spp_ isolates from alpaca 2’s intestinal swabs and faeces
| Sample source (animal) | Antimicrobial resistance profile | |
|---|---|---|
| small intestine | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| small intestine | PG-DOX-OXY-ERY-SXT | |
| small intestine | PG-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-GEN-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| colon | PG-ERY-SXT | |
| rectum | PG-DOX-OXY-ERY-SXT | |
| rectum | PG-DOX-OXY-ERY-SXT | |
| rectum | PG-SXT |
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-positive cocci isolates from two alpacas’ intestinal swabs and faeces
| Gram-positive cocci species | Sample source (animal) | Antimicrobial resistance profile | (T)ECOFF |
|---|---|---|---|
| small intestine ( |
PG-BEN-NOR-DOX-TET | GEN-NEO-STR | |
| small intestine ( |
PG-BEN-NOR-ERY | GEN-NEO-STR | |
| colon ( |
PG-BEN-NOR-ERY-DOX-TET-FLO | GEN-NEO-STR | |
| rectum ( |
PG-BEN-NOR-ERY-DOX-TET-FLO | GEN-NEO-STR | |
| colon ( |
PG-BEN-ERY-FLO | - | |
| rectum ( |
PG-BEN-ERY-FLO | - | |
| rectum ( |
PG-BEN-DOX-TET-NOR-ERY | GEN-NEO-STR | |
| colon ( |
AMO-ENR | NEO-STR | |
| rectum ( |
AMO-ENR | NEO-STR | |
| rectum ( |
AMO-PG-BEN-ERY | TYL | |
| colon ( |
AMO-PG-BEN | - | |
| small intestine ( |
PG-BEN | - | |
| rectum ( |
PG-BEN-ERY-CLI | - |
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae isolates from two alpacas’ intestinal swabs and faeces
| Sample source (animal) | Antimicrobial resistance profile | Antimicrobial resistance gene | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rectum ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-DOX-TET-FLO-SXT-ENR-NOR | ||
| rectum ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-DOX-TET-FLO-SXT-ENR-NOR | ||
| faeces ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-DOX-TET-FLO-SXT-ENR-NOR | ||
| faeces ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-DOX-TET-FLO-SXT-NOR | ||
| small intestine ( |
DOX-TET-FLO-SXT | ||
| colon ( |
AMP-AMO-CF-FLO-SXT | ||
| colon ( |
AMP-AMO-CF-FLO-SXT | ||
| colon ( |
AMO-CF-DOX-TET-ENR-NOR | ||
| rectum ( |
AMP-AMO-CF-ENR-NOR | - | |
| faeces ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-SXT | ||
| small intestine ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-FLO | - | |
| colon ( |
AMP-AMO-CLE-CF-FLO-SXT | ||
| rectum ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CLE-CF-FLO | - | |
| colon ( |
AMP-AMO-AMC-CF-STR |