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Matrine and icariin can inhibit bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication by promoting type I interferon response in vitro

Dongjie Cai
Dongjie Cai
, 
Zifan Shen
Zifan Shen
, 
Bin Tian
Bin Tian
, 
Jie Chen
Jie Chen
, 
Yilin Zhang
Yilin Zhang
, 
Liuhong Shen
Liuhong Shen
, 
Ya Wang
Ya Wang
, 
Xiaoping Ma
Xiaoping Ma
 and 
Zhicai Zuo
Zhicai Zuo
   | Mar 23, 2024
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Published Online: Mar 23, 2024
Page range: 35 - 44
Received: Aug 19, 2023
Accepted: Mar 01, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0013
Keywords
© 2024 Dongjie Cai et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Cytotoxic effects of matrine and icariin on Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – Matrine’s effect on MDBK cell viability; B – Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of matrine on MDBK cells; C – Icariin’s effect on MDBK cell viability; D – IC50 of icariin on MDBK cells. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. DMSO – dimethyl sulphoxide solvent control; Control – cell maintenance solution control group; **** – P-value < 0.0001
Cytotoxic effects of matrine and icariin on Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – Matrine’s effect on MDBK cell viability; B – Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of matrine on MDBK cells; C – Icariin’s effect on MDBK cell viability; D – IC50 of icariin on MDBK cells. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. DMSO – dimethyl sulphoxide solvent control; Control – cell maintenance solution control group; **** – P-value < 0.0001

Fig. 2.

Effects of the matrine and icariin against bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) infection in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – anti-BVDV effect of matrine in MDBK cells; B – Half-maximal effective antiviral concentration (EC50) of matrine on MDBK cells; C – anti-BVDV effect of icariin in MDBK cells; D – EC50 of icariin on MDBK cells; * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001
Effects of the matrine and icariin against bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) infection in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – anti-BVDV effect of matrine in MDBK cells; B – Half-maximal effective antiviral concentration (EC50) of matrine on MDBK cells; C – anti-BVDV effect of icariin in MDBK cells; D – EC50 of icariin on MDBK cells; * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001

Fig. 3.

Evaluation of different administration methods of matrine and icariin on bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – Effects of different administration methods of matrine on the BVDV 5′ untranslated region (UTR); B – Effects of different administration methods of icariin on the BVDV 5′UTR; C – Evaluation of prophylactic effects of matrine and icariin on the BVDV 5′UTR at different time points; **** – P-value < 0.0001; BVDV group – BVDV and MDBK; Virucide group – BVDV and extract incubated at 4°C for 1 h, MDBK added subsequently; Co-treatment group – BVDV, extract and MDBK incubated at 4°C for 1.5 h; Pre-treatment group – MDBK and extract incubated at 37°C for 3 h, challenged with BVDV subsequently; Post-treatment group – MDBK and BVDV incubated at 37°C for 1 h, extract added subsequently
Evaluation of different administration methods of matrine and icariin on bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. A – Effects of different administration methods of matrine on the BVDV 5′ untranslated region (UTR); B – Effects of different administration methods of icariin on the BVDV 5′UTR; C – Evaluation of prophylactic effects of matrine and icariin on the BVDV 5′UTR at different time points; **** – P-value < 0.0001; BVDV group – BVDV and MDBK; Virucide group – BVDV and extract incubated at 4°C for 1 h, MDBK added subsequently; Co-treatment group – BVDV, extract and MDBK incubated at 4°C for 1.5 h; Pre-treatment group – MDBK and extract incubated at 37°C for 3 h, challenged with BVDV subsequently; Post-treatment group – MDBK and BVDV incubated at 37°C for 1 h, extract added subsequently

Fig. 4.

Effects of matrine and icariin on the expression levels of interferon alpha and beta (IFN-α/β) in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). A – Effects of matrine and icariin on the secretion levels of IFN-β in MDBK cells; B – Effects of matrine on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IFN-α in MDBK cells; C – Effects of matrine on mRNA expression of IFN-β in MDBK cells; D – Effects of icariin on mRNA expression of IFN-α in MDBK cells; E – Effects of icariin on mRNA expression of IFN-β in MDBK cells; Control – negative group (without BVDV and drug); Matrine – group treated with matrine herb extract at 128 ng/mL; Icariin – group treated with icariin herb extract at 8 nM; + BVDV – group administered an extract and BVDV (100 TCID50); * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001
Effects of matrine and icariin on the expression levels of interferon alpha and beta (IFN-α/β) in Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). A – Effects of matrine and icariin on the secretion levels of IFN-β in MDBK cells; B – Effects of matrine on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IFN-α in MDBK cells; C – Effects of matrine on mRNA expression of IFN-β in MDBK cells; D – Effects of icariin on mRNA expression of IFN-α in MDBK cells; E – Effects of icariin on mRNA expression of IFN-β in MDBK cells; Control – negative group (without BVDV and drug); Matrine – group treated with matrine herb extract at 128 ng/mL; Icariin – group treated with icariin herb extract at 8 nM; + BVDV – group administered an extract and BVDV (100 TCID50); * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001

Fig. 5.

Effects of matrine and icariin on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of innate immune response genes in MDBK cells at different time points. A – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I); B – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3); C – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3); D – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of RIG-I; E – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of TLR3; F – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of IRF3; * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001
Effects of matrine and icariin on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of innate immune response genes in MDBK cells at different time points. A – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I); B – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3); C – Effects of matrine on the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3); D – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of RIG-I; E – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of TLR3; F – Effects of icariin on the expression levels of IRF3; * – P-value < 0.05; ** – P-value < 0.01; *** – P-value < 0.001; **** – P-value < 0.0001
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