<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p><italic>Escherichia coli</italic> is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of <italic>E. coli</italic> developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify <italic>bla</italic>TEM and <italic>bla</italic>CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant <italic>E. coli</italic> found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer and in citrate tests and triple iron sugar agar tests were used to identify <italic>E. coli</italic>. Multidrug resistance was determined in isolates through antibiotic sensitivity tests using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production was confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification was performed to confirm the <italic>bla</italic>TEM and <italic>bla</italic>CTX-M genes.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>One hundred and one (91.82%) <italic>E. coli</italic> strains were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed four (3.96%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and one (0.99%) ESBL-positive <italic>E. coli</italic> by DDST confirmation. There were three (77.78%) <italic>bla</italic>TEM genes and one (0.99%) <italic>bla</italic>CTX-M gene discovered in the MDR <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates using PCR for molecular identification.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The findings of the <italic>bla</italic>TEM and <italic>bla</italic>CTX-M genes encoding ESBL <italic>E. coli</italic> in dairy cattle milk in Tulungagung, Indonesia is concerning and argues for prompt action to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance which has an impact on public health.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia.


Material and Methods
One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer and in citrate tests and triple iron sugar agar tests were used to identify E. coli. Multidrug resistance was determined in isolates through antibiotic sensitivity tests using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production was confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification was performed to confirm the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes.


Results
One hundred and one (91.82%) E. coli strains were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed four (3.96%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and one (0.99%) ESBL-positive E. coli by DDST confirmation. There were three (77.78%) blaTEM genes and one (0.99%) blaCTX-M gene discovered in the MDR E. coli isolates using PCR for molecular identification.


Conclusion
The findings of the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes encoding ESBL E. coli in dairy cattle milk in Tulungagung, Indonesia is concerning and argues for prompt action to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance which has an impact on public health.

Molecular identification of <italic>bla</italic>TEM and <italic>bla</italic>CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Molecular identification of TEM and CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant  found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Introduction
Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing...

Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Published Online: Sep 20, 2023

Page range: 381 - 388

Received: Mar 30, 2023

Accepted: Sep 13, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052

Keywords
TEM, CTX-M, MDR, dairy farm, public health

© 2023 Agus Widodo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Published Online: Sep 20, 2023

Page range: 381 - 388

Received: Mar 30, 2023

Accepted: Sep 13, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052

KeywordsTEM, CTX-M, MDR, dairy farm, public health

© 2023 Agus Widodo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
TEM, CTX-M, MDR, dairy farm, public health