Cite

Fig. 1.

E. coli strains growing on eosin methylene blue agar after isolation from from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia
E. coli strains growing on eosin methylene blue agar after isolation from from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Fig. 2.

Antibiotic sensitivity test in Mueller–Hinton agar of a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia
Antibiotic sensitivity test in Mueller–Hinton agar of a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Fig. 3.

Confirmation by double-disc synergy test of production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase by an E. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia
Confirmation by double-disc synergy test of production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase by an E. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Fig. 4.

Electrophoresis result for multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing E. coli strains isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia. MRK – M-marker; K + TEM – positive control for blaTEM gene with E. coli ATCC35218); K + CTX – positive control for blaCTX-M gene with E. coli WHO 21.4.; K – negative control with E. coli ATCC 25922; TS7, TS27 and TS42 – multidrug-resistant E. coli confirmed double-disc synergy test–negative isolates containing the blaTEM gene (indicated by a single band of 1.086 base pairs); TS11 – multidrug-resistant E. coli confirmed double-disc test–positive isolate containing the blaCTX-M gene (indicated by a single band of 550 base pairs)
Electrophoresis result for multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing E. coli strains isolated from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia. MRK – M-marker; K + TEM – positive control for blaTEM gene with E. coli ATCC35218); K + CTX – positive control for blaCTX-M gene with E. coli WHO 21.4.; K – negative control with E. coli ATCC 25922; TS7, TS27 and TS42 – multidrug-resistant E. coli confirmed double-disc synergy test–negative isolates containing the blaTEM gene (indicated by a single band of 1.086 base pairs); TS11 – multidrug-resistant E. coli confirmed double-disc test–positive isolate containing the blaCTX-M gene (indicated by a single band of 550 base pairs)

Primers used in this study

Primers Sequences (5’ to 3’) Target gene Amplicon size Reference
TEM-F ATA AAA TTC TTG AAG ACG AAA TEM 1.086 bp (2, 19)
TEM-R GAC AGT TAC CAA TGC TTA ATC
CTX-F CGC TTT GCG ATG TGC AG CTX 550 bp (2, 19)
CTX-R ACC GCG ATA TCG TTG GT

Characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing E. coli strains isolated from milk samples collected from dairy cattle in Tulungagung, Indonesia

  Sample code E. coli positivity Resistance MDR ESBL-positivity Identified gene
TE ST C W ATM blaTEM blaCTX-M
Farm 1 TS1 +
TS2 +
TS3 +
Farm 2 TS4 +
TS5 +
TS6 +
Farm 3 TS7 + + + + + +
TS8 +
Farm 4 TS9 +
Farm 5 TS10 +
TS11 + + + + + + + +
Farm 6 TS12 +
TS13
TS14
TS15 +
TS16 +
Farm 7 TS17
TS18 + +
TS19 + + +
TS20 +
Farm 8 TS21 +
TS22 +
TS23 +
Farm 9 TS24 +
TS25 +
Farm 10 TS26 +
Farm 11 TS27 + + + + + +
TS28 +
Farm 12 TS29 +
TS30 +
Farm 13 TS31 +
TS32 +
Farm 14 TS33 +
TS34 +
TS35 + +
Farm 15 TS36 +
TS37 +
TS38 +
Farm 16 TS39 +
TS40 +
TS41 +
Farm 17 TS42 + + + + + +
TS43 +
TS44 +
TS45 +
TS46 +
Farm 18 TS47 +
Farm 19 TS48 +
TS49 +
Farm 20 TS50 +
TS51 +
Farm 21 TS52 +
TS53 +
TS54 +
TS55 +
TS56
TS57 +
Farm 22 TS58 +
TS59 +
TS60 +
Farm 23 TS61 +
Farm 24 TS62 + +
TS63 + +
Farm 25 TS64 +
TS65 +
TS66 +
TS67 +
Farm 26 TS68 +
TS69 +
Farm 27 TS70 +
TS71 +
TS72 +
Farm 28 TS73 +
Farm 29 TS74 +
TS75 +
Farm 30 TS76 +
Farm 31 TS77 +
TS78 +
Farm 32 TS79 +
TS80 +
TS81 + +
TS82 +
Farm 33 TS83 +
TS84 +
Farm 34 TS85
TS86 +
Farm 35 TS87 +
TS88 +
Farm 36 TS89 +
TS90
Farm 37 TS91 +
TS92 +
Farm 38 TS93 +
TS94 +
TS95 +
Farm 39 TS96 +
TS97 +
TS98 +
Farm 40 TS99 +
Farm 41 TS100 +
Farm 42 TS101
TS102
Farm 43 TS103 +
TS104 +
Farm 44 TS105 +
TS106
TS107 +
Farm 45 TS108 +
TS109 +
TS110
Total 101 7 7 2 2 2 4 1 3 1
Percentage 6.93 6.93 1.98 1.98 1.98 3.96 0.99 2.97 0.99
eISSN:
2450-8608
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine