<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0058_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Wide use is made of β-agonists in therapy due to their smooth muscle–relaxant properties. They also have a side effect of increasing muscle mass. Besides improving oxygen utilisation as bronchodilators, β-agonists increase protein synthesis and promote fat burning. The growth- and performance-enhancing effects are often exploited in illegal use. The guiding objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the determination of β-agonists by a single method in different types of matrices.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0058_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Five grams of homogenised samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase in ammonium acetate, pH 5.2. Purification was performed by solid phase extraction. Analytes were eluted with 10% acetic acid in methanol. The eluted β-agonists were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0058_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Validation results met the requirement of the confirmation criteria according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of apparent recoveries (93.2–112.0%), repeatability (3.1–7.1%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (4.1–8.2%).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2021-0058_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The method can be successfully applied in the detection and determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, mabuterol, mapenterol, terbutaline, brombuterol, zilpaterol, isoxsuprine and ractopamine in feed, drinking water, urine, muscle, lung and liver matrices.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Wide use is made of β-agonists in therapy due to their smooth muscle–relaxant properties. They also have a side effect of increasing muscle mass. Besides improving oxygen utilisation as bronchodilators, β-agonists increase protein synthesis and promote fat burning. The growth- and performance-enhancing effects are often exploited in illegal use. The guiding objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the determination of β-agonists by a single method in different types of matrices.


Material and Methods
Five grams of homogenised samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase in ammonium acetate, pH 5.2. Purification was performed by solid phase extraction. Analytes were eluted with 10% acetic acid in methanol. The eluted β-agonists were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.


Results
Validation results met the requirement of the confirmation criteria according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of apparent recoveries (93.2–112.0%), repeatability (3.1–7.1%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (4.1–8.2%).


Conclusion
The method can be successfully applied in the detection and determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, mabuterol, mapenterol, terbutaline, brombuterol, zilpaterol, isoxsuprine and ractopamine in feed, drinking water, urine, muscle, lung and liver matrices.

Analysis of β-agonists in different biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Wide use is made of β-agonists in therapy due to their smooth muscle–relaxant properties. They also have a side effect of increasing muscle mass....

Analysis of β-agonists in different biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Article Category: Review article

Published Online: Nov 20, 2021

Page range: 469 - 475

Received: Apr 19, 2021

Accepted: Oct 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0058

Keywords
β-agonists, residues, feed, food products, HPLC-MS/MS

© 2021 T. Śniegocki et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Analysis of β-agonists in different biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Article Category: Review article

Published Online: Nov 20, 2021

Page range: 469 - 475

Received: Apr 19, 2021

Accepted: Oct 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0058

Keywordsβ-agonists, residues, feed, food products, HPLC-MS/MS

© 2021 T. Śniegocki et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
β-agonists, residues, feed, food products, HPLC-MS/MS