Emerging Trends and Advancements in the Biopreservation of Fruits

Synthetic preservatives used in fruit preservation

Preservatives	Preserved fruits	References
salicylic acid, calcium chloride	fresh-cut mangoes	Moradinezhad 2021
ascorbic acid	pear slices, arils of pomegranate	Gorny et al. 2002; Moradinezhad et al. 2020
1-methylcyclopropene and chlorine dioxide (mixture)	strawberries	Yang et al. 2020a
benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid; ethyl-, butyl-, methyl-, isopropyl-, propyl-, and isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate	fruits	Lin et al. 2000

Bacteriocins in fruits preservation

Preserved fruits	Bacteriocins	References
blackberry	bacteriocin produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus BM47	Tumbarski et al. 2020
strawberry	bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus	Zhou et al. 2013
apples, tomatoes	bacteriocins produced by Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus safensis	Babich et al. 2019
strawberries	bacteriocin produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus BM47	Tumbarski et al. 2019

Essential oils and plant extracts in postharvest preservation of fruits

Preserved fruits	Essential oils and plant extracts	References
oranges	tea tree oil coated with chitosan	Cháfer et al. 2012
lemons	carvacrol and thymol essential oils mixture assimilated with a commercial wax	Castillo et al. 2014
Satsuma mandarins (type of mandarin orange)	grapefruit seed extract combined with the coating of carnauba wax	Won & Min 2018
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)	red acalypha (Acalypha wilkesiana) leaf extract	Oladunmoye 2006; Akinde et al. 2017
avocado	pepper tree essential oil	Chávez-Magdaleno et al. 2018; Ban et al. 2020
peach, kumquat, strawberry	cinnamon, tarragon, and Thymus capitatus essential oils	Martínez et al. 2018; Hosseini et al. 2019; Lee et al. 2019; Ban et al. 2020

Nanoparticles in fruit preservation

Preserved fruits	Nanoparticles	References
loquat	chitosan/nanosilica coating	Song et al. 2016
sweet cherries	nitric oxide-releasing chitosan nanoparticles	Ma et al. 2019
cherries, apricots	silver nanoparticles-locust bean gum coating	Akyüz et al. 2023
red grapes	zinc oxide nanoparticles in the starch-based edible coating	Mahardiani et al. 2022
strawberries	olive mill wastewater phenol capping zinc oxide nanoparticles	Qi et al. 2022
plum	chitosan and glycine betaine nanoparticles	Mahmoudi et al. 2022
apricots	chitosan coatings and their nanoparticles	Algarni et al. 2022
tomatoes	zinc oxide nanoparticles	Iqbal et al. 2022

Bacteriophages in fruits preservation

Preserved fruits	Bacteriophages	References
strawberries	whey protein concentrate-loaded phages	Sezer et al. 2022
cherry tomatoes, sliced apple	whey protein coated with T7 bacteriophages	Vonasek et al. 2018

Causative agents in microbiological spoilage of fruits

Causative agents	Spoiled fruits	References
Escherichia coliKlebsiella sp.	pineapple, papaya	Hasan & Zulkahar 2018
Bacillus sp.Staphylococcus sp.	banana	Hasan & Zulkahar 2018
Lactobacillus plantarumBacillus cereusBacillus subtilisMicrococcus luteusPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusProteus vulgarisStreptococcus pyogenesErwinia cacticidaSerratia marcescens	apple, watermelon, pineapple, pawpaw, tomato, orange, banana, etc.	Ajayi-Moses et al. 2019
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus nigerAspergillus oryzaeAspergillus tubingensisAspergillus foetidusAspergillus awamoriAspergillus japonicusAspergillus phoenicisRhizopus stoloniferFusarium oxysporum	mango, apple, orange, peach, kiwi, lemon, pokhara (lotus fruit), apricot, tomato, dates, banana, grapes	Al-Hindi et al. 2011
Aspergillus nigerAspergillus fumigatusAspergillus parasiticusAspergillus flavusMucor racemosusMucor piriformisFusarium solaniFusarium oxysporumFusarium avenaceumPenicillium expansumPenicillium digitatumRhizopus oryzaeRhizopus stoloniferSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAlternaria alternataKluyveromyces marxianusCandida kruseiCandida tropicalisTorulopsis fragariaPichia anomala (Wickerhamomyces anomalus)Pichia kluyveriPichia fermentansZygosaccharomyces bailiiZygosaccharomyces rouxiiGeotrichum candidum	apple, watermelon, pineapple, pawpaw, tomato, orange, banana, etc.	Ajayi-Moses et al. 2019

Edible films and coatings in fruit preservation

Preserved fruits	Edible films and coatings	References
pears	papaya	Rodríguez et al. 2020
mango	guar gum supplemented with the ethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis	Ebrahimi & Rastegar 2020
strawberries	sodium alginate and chitosan	Du et al. 2021
strawberries	chitosan assimilated with apple peel polyphenols	Riaz et al. 2021
plums	pectin	Panahirad et al. 2020a
plums	carboxymethyl cellulose and pectin in combination or separately	Panahirad et al. 2020b
Chinese cherry, frozen grapes	chitosan coating	Xin et al. 2017
blueberry	chitosan and Aloe vera coating	Vieira et al. 2016

Foodborne diseases associated with fresh produce

Microorganisms	Years	References
Shigatoxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC)Listeria monocytogenesSalmonella	2013	Strawn et al. 2013
different serotypes of Salmonella	2006 and 2016, 2017, 2004–2018, 2017–2019, 2019	Dyda et al. 2020
Escherichia coliListeria monocytogenesSalmonella enterica	2019	Carstens et al. 2019

Inhibitory effects of lactic acid bacteria against fruit-borne pathogens

Lactic acid bacteria	Inhibitory effects on pathogens	References
indigenous isolates of fruits	Xanthomonas campestrisErwinia carotovoraPenicillium expansumMonilinia laxaBotrytis cinerea	Trias et al. 2008
Leuconostoc spp.Lactobacillus plantarumWeissella spp.Lactococcus lactis	Escherichia coliListeria monocytogenesPseudomonas aeruginosaSalmonella TyphimuriumStaphylococcus aureus	Trias et al. 2008
Lactobacillus pentosusLactobacillus plantarumLactobacillus brevisLactobacillus delbrueckiiLactobacillus fermentumLactococcus lactisLeuconostoc mesenteroides	Penicillium oxalicumFusarium verticillioidesAspergillus niger	Awah et al. 2018
Lactobacillus plantarum B2Lactobacillus fermentum PBCC11.5	Listeria monocytogenes	Ma et al. 2017
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	cocktail of 5 serovars of Listeria monocytogenes	Iglesias et al. 2018