Effects of Planting Date, Cultivar and Vernalization Using Gibberellic Acid on the Severity of Root-Knot Nematode Damage to Globe Artichoke in Subtropical Sandy Soil

Effects of artichoke cultivars and vernalization by gibberellic acid (GA3) on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil_

Cultivar	GA3 (g/ha)	Root gall index		RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm3 soil)
		2021	2022	2021	2022
Green Globe Improved		1.34 ± 0.39	8.38 ± 0.18	N/A	14 ± 9
Green Queen		0.80 ± 0.30	8.53 ± 0.14	N/A	12 ± 5
Imperial Star		0.43 ± 0.16	8.67 ± 0.19	N/A	11 ± 5
	0	0.26 ± 0.10 b	8.50 ± 0.11	N/A	17 ± 12
	37	1.09 ± 0.23 a	8.58 ± 0.20	N/A	10 ± 3
		p-value
Cultivar		0.1941	0.6230	N/A	0.9697
GA3		0.0437	0.5444	N/A	0.3037
Cultivar × GA3		0.7734	0.9285	N/A	0.1914

Effects of artichoke cultivars and planting dates on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) second-stage juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil_

Cultivar	Planting date	Root gall index		RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm3 soil)
		2021	2022	2021	2022
Green Globe Improved		1.93 ± 0.63	5.39 ± 0.65 b	N/A	18 ± 6
Green Queen		1.33 ± 0.43	4.32 ± 0.44 b	N/A	40 ± 14
Imperial Star		2.32 ± 0.59	7.54 ± 0.42 a	N/A	36 ± 16
Opal		1.91 ± 0.63	5.83 ± 0.68 ab	N/A	83 ± 37
	October 5	1.92 ± 0.67	6.72 ± 0.38 a	N/A	19 ± 3 b
	October 19	2.11 ± 0.52	6.00 ± 0.56 ab	N/A	22 ± 6 b
	November 2	1.67 ± 0.45	4.59 ± 0.59 b	N/A	92 ± 30 a
		p-value
Cultivar		0.9320	0.0521	N/A	0.0828
Planting date		0.4204	0.0004	N/A	0.0072
Cultivar × Planting date		0.0307	0.3557	N/A	0.6242