<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Globe artichoke (<italic>Cynara cardunculus</italic> var. <italic>scolymus</italic> L.) is a new alternative crop in Florida. This long-season crop poses a very high risk of root-knot nematode (RKN) damage, the most important nematode problem in vegetable production in Florida. This study aimed to examine the impact of RKN damage on artichoke production in the subtropical climate of Florida. Treatments consisted of four cultivars (‘Green Globe Improved’, ‘Green Queen’, ‘Imperial Star’, and ‘Opal’) planted on three different dates (October 5, October 19, and November 2) in Experiment 1, and three cultivars (‘Green Globe Improved’, ‘Green Queen’, and ‘Imperial Star’) grown with or without vernalization using gibberellic acid (GA3) in Experiment 2. Both field experiments were conducted on sandy soil in west-central Florida during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons. We collected RKN population density and gall index (GI) data to assess RKN damage. In Experiment 1, all tested cultivars showed moderate to high RKN infection in the 2021–2022 season, with 43% to 75% of roots galled. There was no effect of planting dates on RKN damage in the 2020–2021 season. However, delaying the planting date from October 5 to November 2 reduced the RKN damage while increasing the RKN population densities in the 2021–2022 season. In Experiment 2, all tested cultivars showed high RKN infestation, with more than 80% of roots galled. Vernalization by GA3 did not affect the severity of RKN damage. Our results suggest that all tested artichoke cultivars are highly susceptible to RKN in subtropical environments of Florida, raising an alarm on the risk of RKN damage to commercial artichoke production and increasing awareness about the need for RKN management.</abstract>

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is a new alternative crop in Florida. This long-season crop poses a very high risk of root-knot nematode (RKN) damage, the most important nematode problem in vegetable production in Florida. This study aimed to examine the impact of RKN damage on artichoke production in the subtropical climate of Florida. Treatments consisted of four cultivars (‘Green Globe Improved’, ‘Green Queen’, ‘Imperial Star’, and ‘Opal’) planted on three different dates (October 5, October 19, and November 2) in Experiment 1, and three cultivars (‘Green Globe Improved’, ‘Green Queen’, and ‘Imperial Star’) grown with or without vernalization using gibberellic acid (GA3) in Experiment 2. Both field experiments were conducted on sandy soil in west-central Florida during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons. We collected RKN population density and gall index (GI) data to assess RKN damage. In Experiment 1, all tested cultivars showed moderate to high RKN infection in the 2021–2022 season, with 43% to 75% of roots galled. There was no effect of planting dates on RKN damage in the 2020–2021 season. However, delaying the planting date from October 5 to November 2 reduced the RKN damage while increasing the RKN population densities in the 2021–2022 season. In Experiment 2, all tested cultivars showed high RKN infestation, with more than 80% of roots galled. Vernalization by GA3 did not affect the severity of RKN damage. Our results suggest that all tested artichoke cultivars are highly susceptible to RKN in subtropical environments of Florida, raising an alarm on the risk of RKN damage to commercial artichoke production and increasing awareness about the need for RKN management.

Effects of Planting Date, Cultivar and Vernalization Using Gibberellic Acid on the Severity of Root-Knot Nematode Damage to Globe Artichoke in Subtropical Sandy Soil

Journal of Nematology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is a new alternative crop in Florida. This long-season crop poses a very high risk of root-knot nematode...

Cultivar	GA₃ (g/ha)	Root gall index		RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm³ soil)

		2021	2022	2021	2022
Green Globe Improved		1.34 ± 0.39	8.38 ± 0.18	N/A	14 ± 9
Green Queen		0.80 ± 0.30	8.53 ± 0.14	N/A	12 ± 5
Imperial Star		0.43 ± 0.16	8.67 ± 0.19	N/A	11 ± 5
	0	0.26 ± 0.10 b	8.50 ± 0.11	N/A	17 ± 12
	37	1.09 ± 0.23 a	8.58 ± 0.20	N/A	10 ± 3
		p-value
Cultivar		0.1941	0.6230	N/A	0.9697
GA₃		0.0437	0.5444	N/A	0.3037
Cultivar × GA₃		0.7734	0.9285	N/A	0.1914

Cultivar	Planting date	Root gall index		RKN juvenile number (J2s/200 cm³ soil)

		2021	2022	2021	2022
Green Globe Improved		1.93 ± 0.63	5.39 ± 0.65 b	N/A	18 ± 6
Green Queen		1.33 ± 0.43	4.32 ± 0.44 b	N/A	40 ± 14
Imperial Star		2.32 ± 0.59	7.54 ± 0.42 a	N/A	36 ± 16
Opal		1.91 ± 0.63	5.83 ± 0.68 ab	N/A	83 ± 37
	October 5	1.92 ± 0.67	6.72 ± 0.38 a	N/A	19 ± 3 b
	October 19	2.11 ± 0.52	6.00 ± 0.56 ab	N/A	22 ± 6 b
	November 2	1.67 ± 0.45	4.59 ± 0.59 b	N/A	92 ± 30 a
		p-value
Cultivar		0.9320	0.0521	N/A	0.0828
Planting date		0.4204	0.0004	N/A	0.0072
Cultivar × Planting date		0.0307	0.3557	N/A	0.6242

Effects of Planting Date, Cultivar and Vernalization Using Gibberellic Acid on the Severity of Root-Knot Nematode Damage to Globe Artichoke in Subtropical Sandy Soil

Article Category: Research Paper

Pubblicato online: 19 apr 2023

Pagine: -

Ricevuto: 27 ott 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0012

Parole chiave
RKN severity, nematode population density, Host-parasitic relationship

© 2023 Bui et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Effects of artichoke cultivars and vernalization by gibberellic acid (GA3) on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.

Effects of artichoke cultivars and planting dates on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) second-stage juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.

Effects of Planting Date, Cultivar and Vernalization Using Gibberellic Acid on the Severity of Root-Knot Nematode Damage to Globe Artichoke in Subtropical Sandy Soil

Article Category: Research Paper

Pubblicato online: 19 apr 2023

Pagine: -

Ricevuto: 27 ott 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0012

Parole chiaveRKN severity, nematode population density, Host-parasitic relationship

© 2023 Bui et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Effects of artichoke cultivars and vernalization by gibberellic acid (GA3) on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.

Effects of artichoke cultivars and planting dates on root gall index and number of root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne javanica) second-stage juveniles (J2s) in subtropical sandy soil.

Parole chiave
RKN severity, nematode population density, Host-parasitic relationship