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Pratylenchus araucensis (Rhabditida: Pratylenchidae) a Widely Distributed Nematode in Musa spp. From Colombia

C. E. Arboleda-Riascos
C. E. Arboleda-Riascos
, 
D. H. Riascos-Ortiz
D. H. Riascos-Ortiz
, 
F. Varón De Agudelo
F. Varón De Agudelo
, 
A. T. Mosquera-Espinosa
A. T. Mosquera-Espinosa
, 
C. M. G. Oliveira
C. M. G. Oliveira
 and 
J. E. Muñoz-Flórez
J. E. Muñoz-Flórez
   | Jan 08, 2023
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Published Online: Jan 08, 2023
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Received: Sep 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0057
Keywords
© 2022 Arboleda–Riascos et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Pratylenchus araucensis. (A–F): Female. (A). Body of a female, (B). Anterior body region, (C and D). Vulval region. (E and F). Posterior region. (G). Posterior region of the body of a male. St = Stylet, v = Vulva, an = Anus, spc = Spicule.
Pratylenchus araucensis. (A–F): Female. (A). Body of a female, (B). Anterior body region, (C and D). Vulval region. (E and F). Posterior region. (G). Posterior region of the body of a male. St = Stylet, v = Vulva, an = Anus, spc = Spicule.

Figure 2

Biplot (separation) based on morphometric data of Pratylenchus araucensis populations. Populations of P. araucensis from Caldas, Quindío, and Valle del Cauca were assigned to their corresponding species based on morphometric data. The first two PCA axes are shown. Pa = Pratylenchus araucensis, Ara = Arauca, Cal = Caldas, CoQ = Quindío, ZaB = Zabaletas (Valle del Cauca [Buenaventura]), and DelB = Delfina (Valle del Cauca [Buenaventura]). PCA, principal component analysis.
Biplot (separation) based on morphometric data of Pratylenchus araucensis populations. Populations of P. araucensis from Caldas, Quindío, and Valle del Cauca were assigned to their corresponding species based on morphometric data. The first two PCA axes are shown. Pa = Pratylenchus araucensis, Ara = Arauca, Cal = Caldas, CoQ = Quindío, ZaB = Zabaletas (Valle del Cauca [Buenaventura]), and DelB = Delfina (Valle del Cauca [Buenaventura]). PCA, principal component analysis.

Figure 3

Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood of the D2–D3 (LSU) partial region of species of the genus Pratylenchus. The isolates corresponding to this work are marked in bold. The numbers above nodes indicate bootstrap values >70%. LSU, large subunit.
Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood of the D2–D3 (LSU) partial region of species of the genus Pratylenchus. The isolates corresponding to this work are marked in bold. The numbers above nodes indicate bootstrap values >70%. LSU, large subunit.

Figure 4

Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood of the COI partial region of species of the genus Pratylenchus. The isolates corresponding to this work are marked in bold. The numbers above nodes indicate bootstrap values >70%.
Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood of the COI partial region of species of the genus Pratylenchus. The isolates corresponding to this work are marked in bold. The numbers above nodes indicate bootstrap values >70%.

Morphometric data of studied and reference populations of Pratylenchus araucensis.

Characteristic Plantain, Zabaletas - Buenaventura Plantain, Delfina - Buenaventura Plantain, Caldas Plantain, Calarcá - Quindío Banana, Calarcá - Quíndio Musa sp. Arauca, type population (Múnera et al., 2009)
n = 19 n = 14 n = 19 n = 15 n = 10 n = 40
L 456 ± 24.0 501.8 ±56.0 484.5 ± 24.7 549.2 ± 13.9 551.3 ± 13.5 462 ± 31
(401.2 - 496.3) (449.3-668.7) (444.4 - 538.0) (518.4-578.3) (534.7 - 570.4) (376-511)
a 26.3 ±2.1 28.2 ± 1.9 29.9 ±2.0 25.2 ±1.3 24.8 ± 1.4 23.9 ±2.3
(20 - 29.8) (23.5-31) (23.0-32.8) (21.6-26.9) (21.6-26.3) (19.6-29.2)
b 5.8 ±1.0 6.1 ±0.7 6.4 ±0.5 6.2 ±1.7 6.7 ±1.4 6.2 ±0.6
(4.7-7.0) (5.1 -6.9) (4.9 - 7.3) (5.1 -7.4) (5.5-7.7) (4.8 - 7.8)
b' 4.4 ±0.6 4.7 ±0.2 4.3 ±0.5 4.1 ±0.8 4.5 ±1.0 4.7 ±0.4
(4.0-5.7) (3.7-6.0) (3.7-5.2) (3.7-5.0) (4.0 - 4.9) (3.6 - 5.9)
c 17.3 ±1.2 18.2 ± 1.5 18.9± 1.3 18.3 ±1.0 17.5 ±0.4 17.6 ±1.4
(14.1 -22.3) (14.9-21.8) (15.2-23.4) (16.7-20.2) (16.6-18.0) (14.5-21.1)
c' 2.3 ±0.5 2.5 ±0.4 2.6 ± .02 2.1 ±0.1 2.2 ±0.1 2.3 ±0.3
(1.4-2.8) (1.7-3.0) (1.9-3.1) (2.0-2.3) (2.1 -2.5) (1.7-2.9)
V% 76.7 ±1.8 77.6 ± 1.1 80.1 ± 1.6 76.5 ± 1.95 74.7 ±0.6 78 ± 1.2
(73.9-80.1) (75.7 - 79.4) (76.5 - 83.6) (72.9-81.4) (74.0 - 75.9) (75 - 80)
Stylet length 12.1 ±0.6 12.6± 1.1 11.9 ±0.6 14.4 ±0.4 14.7 ±0.4 15.3 ±0.4
(11.1 -13.1) (10.7-14.0) (10.6-12.9) (13.5-14.9) (14.2-15.6) (14.7-15.9)
Tail length 26.3 ±2.0 27.5 ± 1.8 25.7 ± 1.8 30.1 ±2.0 31.5 ±0.8 26.3 ±2.5
(20.9-29.6) (24.0-31.1) (22.0-29.4) (27.1 -34.6) (30.2-32.7) (21.5-31.9)
DGO 2.8 ±0.6 2.9 ±0.5 2.6 ±0.4 2.3 ±0.1 2.5 ±0.1 2.7 ±0.4
(2.3-4.1) (2.1 -3.6) (2.0-3.2) (2.1 -2.5) (2.3-2.6) (1.8-3.1)
Maximum body 16.7 ±1.5 17.8 ±2.0 15.7 ± 1.2 21.8 ±1.4 22.3 ± 1.3 17.0 ±1.8
diameter (13.7-19.7) (14.0-20.5) (12.3-17.2) (20.5-26.0) (21.2-24.7) (13.5-20.9)
Anal body 11.1 ±0.8 11.6 ±0.9 10.2 ± 0.8 14.1 ±0.6 14.1 ± 0.6 11.4 ± 1.5
diameter (9.7-12.5) (10.0-13.2) (9.0 - 11.5) (13.1 -15.2) (13.2-14.8) (8.6-17.2)
Number of head 2.0 ±0.0 2.0 ±0.0 2.0 ±0.0 2.0 ±0.0 2.0 ±0.0
annuli (2.0-2.0) (2.0-2.0) (2.0-2.0) (2.0-2.0) (2.0-2.0)
Lip region width 6.1 ±0.5 7.1 ±0.9 6.3 ±0.5 8.2 ±0.4 8.1 ±0.3 7.2 ±0.3
(4.7-6.8) (5.6-9.1) (5.5 - 7.3) (7.7-8.9) (7.5-8.5) (6.7 - 7.4)
Lip region height 2.5 ±0.6 2.8 ±0.3 2.5 ±0.4 2.1 ±0.2 2.4 ±0.2 2.5 ±0.7
(1.5-3.6) (2.3-3.2) (1.8-3.1) (1.8-2.4) (1.9-2.6) (2.0-4.0)
Pharyngeal gland 35.7 ±5.3 31.7 ± 1.4 32.8 ±4.7 28.6 ±3.6 40.5 ± 1.1 24.2 ± 7.7
length (25.8-45.7) (30.1 -34.4) (24.0-39.2) (24.1 -33.8) (38.9-42.2) (10.4-46.6)
PUS 18.5 ±5.5 31.2 ± 1.6 24.5 ±4.8 29.6 ±0.8 30.4 ± 1.2 18.1 ±4.0
(8.4-27.3) (29.8-33.2) (14.8-32.0) (28.6 - 31.4) (28.8-32.0) (9.8-24.5)

Correlations between the first three main components and the morphometric parameters of P. araucensis females.

Variable Main component
Prin1 Prin2 Prin3
Stylet length (μm) 0.298 0.440 -0.159
Vulvar position (%) -0.288 0.431 0.178
Post-uterine sac length (μm) 0.315 0.176 0.407
Overall length 0.330 0.370 0.245
Tail length (μm) 0.379 -0.046 0.235
Maximum body width (μm) 0.396 0.005 -0.182
Width body anus (μm) 0.377 0.133 -0.188
Head region width (μm) 0.242 -0.345 0.447
Index a (μm) -0.294 0.122 0.620
Index c (μm) -0.182 0.547 -0.097

Information of D2–D3 rDNA and COI mtDNA regions downloaded from GenBank and obtained in the present study.

Species name Location D2–D3 (LSU) accession number COI accession number Reference or source
Pratylenchus araucensis Colombia MZ636668; MZ636669 MZ636670; MZ636671 MZ636672; MZ636673 MZ636674; MZ636675 MZ636676; MZ636677 MZ636678; MZ636679 MZ636680; MZ636681 MZ636682; MZ636683 MZ636684; MZ636685 MZ636686; MZ636687 MZ636688; MZ636689 MZ636690; MZ636691 MZ636692; MZ636693 MZ636694; MZ636695 MZ636696; MZ636697 MZ636698; MZ636699 MZ636700 Present study
P. araucensis Colombia FJ463262; FJ463261; FJ463260; FJ463275 - Múnera et al. (2009)
P. hippeastri China KR029084 KY424099 Wang et al. (2016)
P. hippeastri China KP161608 KY424098 Unpublished
P. hippeastri South Africa MH324472 - Shokoohi (2018)
P. hippeastri Japan KC796706; KC796707 - Wujian et al. (2014)
P. scribneri USA KX842632 - Huang and Yan (2017)
P. scribneri China MK209593 - Li et al. (2018)
P. scribneri China - KY424093 Unpublished
P. scribneri China - KX349425 Liu et al. (2016)
P. pseudocoffeae Korea KT175532; KT175533 - Kim et al. (2016)
P. pseudocoffeae Costa Rica KT971360 - Zamora et at. (2016)
P. pseudocoffeae China - KY424089 Unpublished
P. loosi China KF430796; KF430797 - Unpublished
P. loosi Italy - LR215647; LR215648 Unpublished
P. coffeae China MN592778; MN227243; MN588282 Li et al. (2020)
P. coffeae China - KX349421 Liu et al. (2016)
P. coffeae China - MN366418 Unpublished
P. coffeae USA - KU198943; KU198942 Troccoli et al. (2016)
P. speijeri China KF974701; KF974698; KF974697 Unpublished
P. speijeri China KY424088; KY424087 Unpublished
P. penetrans USA KY969632; KY969631 Baidoo et al. (2017)
P. penetrans Korea - MN746802; MN746803; MN746801 Mwamula et al. (2020)
P. kumamotoensis Korea KT175529; KT175530; KT175525 - Kim et al. (2016)
P. parazeae China KP903444; KP903445; KP903443; KP903442 Wang et al. (2015)
P. parazeae China KY424116; KX349424; KY424115 Unpublished
P. zeae Brazil MW363009; MW363001 - Abade (2020)
P. zeae China KX349414; KX349416; KX349419 Liu et al. (2016)
P. horti Belgium - MK114154; MK114153; MK114152 Nguyen et al. (2018)
P. brachyurus China - KX349420; KY424082; KY424083; KY424080 Unpublished
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