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Temperature Effects on Development of Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. floridensis

Jeanny A. Velloso

Jeanny A. Velloso

Department of Plant Pathology, Laboratory of Nematology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)Lavras, Brazil
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Velloso, Jeanny A.
, 
Mary Ann D. Maquilan

Mary Ann D. Maquilan

  • Entomology and Nematology Department, University of FloridaGainesville, United State
  • Institude of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los BanosLaguna, Philippines
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Maquilan, Mary Ann D.
, 
Vicente P. Campos

Vicente P. Campos

Department of Plant Pathology, Laboratory of Nematology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)Lavras, Brazil
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Campos, Vicente P.
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Janete A. Brito

Janete A. Brito

Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant IndustryGainesville, United State
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Brito, Janete A.
 and 
Donald W. Dickson

Donald W. Dickson

Entomology and Nematology Department, University of FloridaGainesville, United State
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Dickson, Donald W.
  
Jun 10, 2022
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Jun 10, 2022
Received: Nov 02, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0013
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© 2022 Jeanny A. Velloso, Mary Ann D. Maquilan, Vicente P. Campos, Janete A. Brito and Donald W. Dickson, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Growth stages of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. (A) vermiform, early J2 with no swelling; (B, C, D) mid-stage J2 with early swelling and conoid tail; and (E, F) late J2 with swollen body, rounded terminus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; and F = 10 μm.
Growth stages of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. (A) vermiform, early J2 with no swelling; (B, C, D) mid-stage J2 with early swelling and conoid tail; and (E, F) late J2 with swollen body, rounded terminus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; and F = 10 μm.

Figure 2

Developmental stages of Meloidogyne spp.; (A) third-stage juvenile (J3); (B) anterior part of a J3; (C) fourth-stage juvenile (J4); (D) anterior part of a J4; (E) female; and (F) egg-laying globose female. Scale bars: A, E, and F = 50 μm; B, C, and D = 10 μm.
Developmental stages of Meloidogyne spp.; (A) third-stage juvenile (J3); (B) anterior part of a J3; (C) fourth-stage juvenile (J4); (D) anterior part of a J4; (E) female; and (F) egg-laying globose female. Scale bars: A, E, and F = 50 μm; B, C, and D = 10 μm.

Figure 3

Percentage of Meloidogyne spp. second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrating tomato roots grown under different temperature (25°C, 30°C, or 30-25°C [12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C]) at 5 DAI. Bars represent the grand means ± SE of the three Meloidogyne spp. (M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, and M. incognita race 3). The percentage of penetrated J2 was calculated by dividing the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system at 5 DAI over the initial inoculum concentration. Bars with different letter(s) indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). DAI, days after inoculation.
Percentage of Meloidogyne spp. second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrating tomato roots grown under different temperature (25°C, 30°C, or 30-25°C [12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C]) at 5 DAI. Bars represent the grand means ± SE of the three Meloidogyne spp. (M. enterolobii, M. floridensis, and M. incognita race 3). The percentage of penetrated J2 was calculated by dividing the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system at 5 DAI over the initial inoculum concentration. Bars with different letter(s) indicate significant differences based on Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). DAI, days after inoculation.

Figure 4

Percentage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M. floridensis (Mf), and M. incognita race 3 (Mi3) developmental stages on tomato grown in a growth chamber for 29 DAI at 25°C (A), 30°C (B), and 30–25°C (C) (12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C). Percentage of nematodes in each developmental stage was based on the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system. A total of 78 root systems per RKN species were subjected to analysis. The increase of J2 at 30°C at 23 DAI for M. enterolobii, at 25 DAI for M. floridensis and M. incognita, and at 30–25°C at 29 DAI for M. floridensis represent the earliest observation of vermiform juveniles from the second generation. RKN, root-knot nematode; DAI, days after inoculation.
Percentage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M. floridensis (Mf), and M. incognita race 3 (Mi3) developmental stages on tomato grown in a growth chamber for 29 DAI at 25°C (A), 30°C (B), and 30–25°C (C) (12-hr light period at 30°C and 12-hr dark period at 25°C). Percentage of nematodes in each developmental stage was based on the total number of nematodes observed in the whole root system. A total of 78 root systems per RKN species were subjected to analysis. The increase of J2 at 30°C at 23 DAI for M. enterolobii, at 25 DAI for M. floridensis and M. incognita, and at 30–25°C at 29 DAI for M. floridensis represent the earliest observation of vermiform juveniles from the second generation. RKN, root-knot nematode; DAI, days after inoculation.

CD and ADD required for first observation of each developmental stage of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me), M_ floridensis (Mf), and M_ incognita race 3 (Mi3) on tomato inoculated with second-stage juveniles at different temperatures_

Meloidogyne spp. Developmental stagesa Temperature (°C)
25 30 30–25b
CD ADDc CD ADD CD ADD
M. enterolobii J3 9 130.6 7 152.6 9 144.1
J4 11 159.4 9 195.7 9 144.1
Female 11 159.4 9 195.7 11 176.1
Egg-laying female 21 308.3 13 285.7 17 272.7
New-vermiform J2 nad na 23 506.9 na na
M. floridensis J3 9 130.6 7 152.6 9 144.1
J4 11 159.4 9 195.7 9 144.1
Female 11 159.4 9 195.7 9 144.1
Egg-laying female 17 248.1 13 285.7 17 272.7
New-vermiform J2 na na 25 552.3 29 468.8
M. incognita J3 9 130.6 7 152.6 9 144.1
J4 11 159.4 9 195.7 9 144.1
Female 11 159.4 9 195.7 11 176.1
Egg-laying female 17 248.1 13 285.7 17 272.7
New-vermiform J2 na na 25 552.3 na na
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