Open Access

Characteristics and temporality of the ventilatory techniques in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome: A scoping review

,  and   
Apr 30, 2025

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Fig. 1.

Flowchart of the study selection process following the PRISMA guidelines. (ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; EBSCO: Elton B. Stephens Company)
Flowchart of the study selection process following the PRISMA guidelines. (ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; EBSCO: Elton B. Stephens Company)

Bibliometric variables

Number of articles (%)
Year of publication
2010–2014 4(17,4)
2015–2019 10(43,5)
2020–2023 9(39,1)

Country of publication
United States 8(34,8)
United Kingdom 6(26,1)
Switzerland 2(8,7)
Others 7(30,4)

Study design
Review 1(4,4)
Observational 17(73,9)
Experimental 5(21,7)

Ventilatory strategies
Conventional oxygen therapy 3(13,1)
High Flow Nasal Cannula 2(8,7)
Non-invasive ventilation 7(30,4)
Invasive ventilation 17(73,9)
Combination of strategies 4(17,3)

Report of ventilatory record

Number of articles (%)
Coexistence of ventilatory strategies 5 (22)
PEEP evaluation 16 (70)
Evaluation/record of pulmonary mechanic parameters 11 (48)
Report of the time of use of each strategy 21 (91)
Report of intervention with Oxygen therapy 13 (57)
Report of prone position as a non-ventilatory strategy 9 (39)

j_jccm-2025-0019_tab_004

Data bases Key words combination Articles retrieved
Pubmed 20/10/2023 15h47 UTC+2 (((“Adult”[Mesh] OR “Adult” OR “Patients”[Mesh] OR “Patients”) AND (“Intensive Care Units”[Mesh] OR “Intensive Care Units”) AND (“Respiratory Distress Syndrome”[Mesh] OR “Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “ARDS”)) AND ((“Respiratory Therapy”[Mesh] OR “Respiratory Therapy” OR “Respiration, Artificial”[Mesh] OR “Respiration, Artificial”) OR (“Therapeutics”[Mesh] OR “Therapeutics”) OR “Treatment” OR (“Noninvasive Ventilation”[Majr] OR “Noninvasive Ventilation” OR “Intubation, Intratracheal”[Majr] OR “Intubation, Intratracheal” OR “Intubation”[Mesh] OR “Endotracheal Intubation” OR “High Flow Nasal Canula” OR “HFNC” OR “High Flow Oxygen Therapy” OR “HFOT”)) AND (“Time”[Mesh] OR “Time” OR “Timing” OR “Time-to-Treatment”[Mesh] OR “Time-to-Treatment” OR “Time Management”[Mesh] OR “Time Management”)) [FILTERS: 10 YEARS - HUMAN - ADULTS +19] 297

Science direct 25/10/2023 18h49 UTC+2 “intensive care unit” AND (“Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “ARDS”) AND (“Ventilation” OR Noninvasive Ventilation OR Intubation OR “High Flow Nasal Cannula” OR High Flow Oxygen Therapy) AND time 61
Year(s): 2013–2023; research articles

EBSCO 26/10/2023 16h51 UTC+2 (((“Adult”[Mesh] OR “Adult” OR “Patients”[Mesh] OR “Patients”) AND (“Intensive Care Units”[Mesh] OR “Intensive Care Units”) AND (“Respiratory Distress Syndrome”[Mesh] OR “Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “ARDS”)) AND ((“Respiratory Therapy”[Mesh] OR “Respiratory Therapy” OR “Respiration, Artificial”[Mesh] OR “Respiration, Artificial”) OR (“Therapeutics”[Mesh] OR “Therapeutics”) OR “Treatment” OR (“Noninvasive Ventilation”[Majr] OR “Noninvasive Ventilation” OR “Intubation, Intratracheal”[Majr] OR “Intubation, Intratracheal” OR “Intubation”[Mesh] OR “Endotracheal Intubation” OR “High Flow Nasal Canula” OR “HFNC” OR “High Flow Oxygen Therapy” 79
Academic search CINHAL Sportsdiscuss EJournals

Reported outcomes from the selected articles

Number of articles (%)
Principal outcomes
Reported ARDS severity level (PaO2/FiO2) (30,4)
14(61)
ICU length of stay 11(48)
ICU mortality 10(43)
Duration of ventilation 8(35)
Hospital length of stay 8(35)
Follow-up mortality rate 6(26)
Complications 3(13)
Non-invasive ventilation failure 6(26)
Hospital mortality 14(61)
Other

Secondary outcomes
Temporality 8(35)
Quality of life 0(0)

Principal physiological outcomes
PaO2/FiO2 19(83)
pH 4(17)
SaO2 3(13)
PaO2 2(9)
PaCO2 3(13)
Bicarbonate 2(9)
Lactate 2(9)
Oxygen index 2(9)
Other 5(22)