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The Analgesic Effect of Morphine on Peripheral Opioid Receptors: An Experimental Research

Nader-Mugurel Jafal

Nader-Mugurel Jafal

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Jafal, Nader-Mugurel
, 
Smaranda Stoleru

Smaranda Stoleru

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Stoleru, Smaranda
, 
Aurelian Zugravu

Aurelian Zugravu

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Zugravu, Aurelian
, 
Carmen Orban

Carmen Orban

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Orban, Carmen
, 
Mihai Popescu

Mihai Popescu

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Popescu, Mihai
, 
Ruxandra Cristina Marin

Ruxandra Cristina Marin

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Marin, Ruxandra Cristina
 and 
Ion-Gigel Fulga

Ion-Gigel Fulga

“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
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Fulga, Ion-Gigel
  
Oct 31, 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Oct 31, 2024
Page range: 337 - 344
Received: Sep 08, 2024
Accepted: Oct 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2024-0042
Keywords
© 2024 Nader-Mugurel Jafal et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group immediately after carragenan administration
Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group immediately after carragenan administration

Fig. 2.

Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 3 hours after carragenan administration
Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 3 hours after carragenan administration

Fig. 3.

Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 6 hours after carragenan administration
Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 6 hours after carragenan administration

Fig. 4.

Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 24 hours after carragenan administration
Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 24 hours after carragenan administration

Fig. 5.

Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 48 hours after carragenan administration
Comparison of the control group vs. morphine group 48 hours after carragenan administration

Fig. 6.

The mean withdrawal time of paws in the 5 experimental groups
The mean withdrawal time of paws in the 5 experimental groups

Comparison of withdrawal times between the control and experimental groups depending on the time morphine was administered_

Groups N Withdrawal time (s) Statistic test
Mann-Whitney U P value
Group control 1 – 0.9% saline 10 5.742 ± 2.452 27.500 0.089
Group 2 – morphine 5 mg/kg 10 7.658 ± 2.253
Group control 3 – 0.9% saline (3h) 9 5.146 ± 2.212 12.000 0.012*
Group 4 - morphine 5 mg/kg (3h) 9 9.187 ± 3.389
Group control 5 – 0.9% saline (6 h) 10 3.539 ± 1.161 17.000 0.011*
Group 6 - morphine 5 mg/kg (6 h) 10 5.021 ± 1.427
Group control 7 – 0.9% saline (24 h) 10 2.746 ± 0.873 23.000 0.043*
Group 8 - morphine 5 mg/kg (24 h) 10 3.429 ± 0,446
Group control 9 – 0,9% saline (48 h) 10 2.980 ± 0.758 19.500 0.019*
Group 10 - morphine 5 mg/kg (48 h) 10 3.836 ± 0.662

Comparison of withdrawal time between the morphine administration groups

Groups N Withdrawal time (s) Statistic test
Mann-Whitney U p value
Group 2 – morphine 5 mg/kg 10 7.658 ± 2.253 30.000 0.243
Group 4 - morphine 5 mg/kg (3h) 9 9.187 ± 3.389
Group 2 – morphine 5 mg/kg 9 7.658 ± 2.253 12.500 0.003*
Group 6 - morphine 5 mg/kg (6 h) 9 5.021 ± 1.427
Group 2 – morphine 5 mg/kg 10 7.658 ± 2.253 0.000 <0.001*
Group 8 - morphine 5 mg/kg (24 h) 10 3.429 ± 0.446
Group 2 – morphine 5 mg/kg 10 7.658 ± 2.253 1.000 <0.001*
Group 10 - morphine 5 mg/kg (48 h) 10 3.836 ± 0.662
Group 4 - morphine 5 mg/kg (3h) 9 9.187 ± 3.389 11.000 0.004
Group 6 - morphine 5 mg/kg (6 h) 10 5.021 ± 1.427
Group 4 - morphine 5 mg/kg (3h) 9 9.187 ± 3.389 2.000 <0.001*
Group 8 - morphine 5 mg/kg (24 h) 10 3.429 ± 0.446
Group 4 - morphine 5 mg/kg (3h) 9 9.187 ± 3.389 3.500 <0.001*
Group 10 - morphine 5 mg/kg (48 h) 10 3.836 ± 0.662
Group 6 - morphine 5 mg/kg (6 h) 10 5.021 ± 1.427 8.000 0.001*
Group 8 - morphine 5 mg/kg (24 h) 10 3.429 ± 0.446
Group 6 - morphine 5 mg/kg (6 h) 10 5.021 ± 1.427 20.500 0.023
Group 10 - morphine 5 mg/kg (48 h) 10 3.836 ± 0.662
Group 8 - morphine 5 mg/kg (24 h) 10 3.429 ± 0.446 32.500 0.190
Group 10 - morphine 5 mg/kg (48 h) 10 3.836 ± 0.662
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