Demographic data |
|
|
|
|
Age |
71 (61,5-77) |
66,50 (54,3-71,3) |
73 (65-80) |
0.007 |
Age > 71 years |
22 (45%) |
5 (23%) |
17 (63%) |
0.009 |
Female Gender |
15 (31%) |
7 (32%) |
8 (30%) |
1.00 |
|
Time spans |
|
|
|
|
Time from symptoms to mechanical ventilation (days) |
7.5 (5-12) |
8.5 (6-11.75) |
7 (3.5-11.5) |
0.226 |
Time from hospital admission to mechanical ventilation (days) |
2 (1-5) |
2.5 (0-4.75) |
2 (1-5) |
0.573 |
|
Chronic Medications |
|
|
|
|
Oral antidiabetic |
10 (20%) |
4 (18%) |
6 (22%) |
1.000 |
Insulin |
6 (12%) |
3 (14%) |
3 (11%) |
1.000 |
Antiplatelet therapy |
15 (31%) |
11 (41%) |
4 (18%) |
0.123 |
Anticoagulation therapy |
6 (12%) |
4 (15%) |
2 (9%) |
0.678 |
RAAS inhibitor |
16 (33%) |
5 (23%) |
11 (41%) |
0.229 |
|
Comorbidities |
|
|
|
|
History or active smoking |
19 (39%) |
7 (32%) |
12 (44%) |
|
COPD |
3 (6%) |
2 (9%) |
1 (4%) |
1.000 |
Sleep Apnoea |
10 (20%) |
5 (23%) |
5 (19%) |
0.726 |
Asthma |
4 (8%) |
2 (9%) |
2 (7%) |
1.000 |
Diabetes |
20 (41%) |
10 (45%) |
10 (37%) |
0.574 |
Dyslipidemia |
25 (51%) |
12 (55%) |
13 (48%) |
0.573 |
Cardiovascular-cerebrovascular disease |
15 (31%) |
10 (37%) |
5 (23%) |
0.358 |
Chronic Ischemic heart disease |
7 (14%) |
2 (9%) |
5 (19%) |
0.436 |
Hypertension |
32 (65%) |
13 (59%) |
19 (70%) |
0.548 |
History of stroke |
5 (10%) |
2 (9%) |
3 (11%) |
1.000 |
Peripheral Arterial disease |
7 (14%) |
2 (9%) |
5 (19%) |
0.436 |
Hepatopathy or cirrhosis |
2 (4%) |
1 (5%) |
1 (4%) |
|
History of cured cancer |
6 (12%) |
3 (14%) |
3 (11%) |
1.000 |
Actively treated cancer |
1 (2%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (4%) |
1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease |
8 (16%) |
3 (14%) |
5 (19%) |
0.715 |
Immunosuppression |
6 (12%) |
2 (9%) |
4 (15%) |
0.678 |
Charlson score |
4 (2-6) |
2.5 (1-4.75) |
5 (3-6) |
0.026 |
Charlson score > 2 |
34 (69%) |
11 (50%) |
23 (85%) |
0.012 |
|
Symptoms at admission |
|
|
|
|
Fever |
37 (76%) |
18 (82%) |
19 (70%) |
0.507 |
Cough |
34 (69%) |
17 (77%) |
17 (63%) |
0.358 |
Dyspnoea |
35 (71%) |
14 (64%) |
21 (78%) |
0.348 |
Chest pain |
5 (10%) |
2 (9%) |
3 (11%) |
1 |
Dysgeusia/Anosmia |
5 (10%) |
3 (14%) |
2 (7%) |
0.646 |
Myalgia |
18 (37%) |
9 (41%) |
9 (33%) |
0.767 |
Headache |
11 (22%) |
7 (32%) |
4 (15%) |
0.185 |
Nausea |
9 (18%) |
5 (23%) |
4 (15%) |
0.713 |
Vomiting |
6 (12%) |
3 (14%) |
3 (11%) |
0.314 |
Abdominal pain |
4 (8%) |
2 (9%) |
2 (7%) |
1 |
Diarrhoea |
11 (22%) |
6 (27%) |
5 (19%) |
0.510 |
|
Analysis of blood gases at admission |
|
|
|
|
Litres of O2 administered at admission in ICU |
10 (6-15) |
8 (4-15) |
11 (7-15) |
0.071 |
pH |
7.45 (7.36-7.48) |
7.47 (7.39-7.51) |
7.42 (7.34-7.47) |
0.075 |
PaCO2, mmmHg |
35 (31-40) |
35 (29.5-39.75) |
35 (31-41) |
0.817 |
PaO2, mmHg |
60 (53-70) |
58.5 (51.7-68.5) |
61 (53-70) |
0.717 |
SpO2, % |
93 (89.1-96.5) |
92.7 (86.5-96.125) |
93 (89.8-96.6) |
0.936 |
Lactate, mmol/L |
1.3 (0.9-2) |
1.25 (0.8-1.55) |
1.3 (1-2.15) |
0.197 |
|
Biology at admission |
|
|
|
|
CRP, mg/l |
98 (167-235) |
171,5 (98-294) |
141,51 (95-220) |
0.457 |
Leucocytes /mm3 |
7560 (6020-9040) |
7681 (6165-8820) |
7100 (5880-9435) |
0.680 |
Haemoglobin g/dl |
12.5 (11-13.5) |
12,5 (11.1-14.8) |
12,2 (11.1-13.35) |
0.832 |
Platelets x1000/mm3 |
191 (151-279) |
226 (153-310) |
181 (140-246) |
0.236 |
Neutrophils /mm3 |
4980 (6640-7967) |
6975 (5325-8372) |
6140 (4820-7550) |
0.374 |
Lymphocytes /mm3 |
670 (507-897) |
725 (610-1037) |
630 (425-730) |
0.060 |
Urea mg/dl |
48 (29-72) |
38,5 (25.7-66.75) |
51 (37-74) |
0.184 |
Creatinine mg/dl |
1.05 (0.78-1.6) |
0,985 (0.78-1.55) |
1,12 (0.79-1.56) |
0.424 |
Sodium mmol/l |
137 (135-140) |
137,5 (134-140) |
137 (135-139) |
0.785 |
Potassium mmol/l |
3.8 (3.5-4.4) |
3,845 (3.4-4.1) |
3,835 (3.58-4.71) |
0.108 |
Total Bilirubin mg/dL |
0.545 (0.43-0.70) |
0,48 (0.38-0.6) |
0,57 (0.39-0.79) |
0.268 |
Gamma-glutamyl-transferases UI/l |
79 (44.5-152.5) |
120 (52-183) |
56 (36-111) |
0.079 |
Alkaline phosphatases UI/l |
71 (51.5-123) |
84 (63.5-138.25) |
57 (42-91) |
0.072 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) UI/l |
52 (37.3-63.8) |
55,5 (35.5-89.25) |
48 (36.5-61) |
0.692 |
Alanine aminotransferases (SGPT) UI/l |
32 (21.5-48) |
36 (20.75-63.5) |
31 (20-39.5) |
0.475 |
Lactate dehydrogenases UI/l |
543 (438.5-669.5) |
537,5 (464-631) |
543 (411-694) |
0.765 |
Creatinine phosphokinases UI/l |
135 (75-391) |
121 (64-287) |
112 (38-456) |
0.687 |
|
ICU Therapy |
|
|
|
|
Vasopressor |
35 (71%) |
13 (59%) |
22 (81%) |
0.100 |
Intubation within 6 hours of admission |
36 (73%) |
19 (86%) |
17 (63%) |
0.180 |
Tracheostomy |
11 (45%) |
11 (20%) |
0 (0%) |
<0.001 |
Prone Positioning |
28 (57%) |
14 (64%) |
14 (52%) |
0.344 |
NMBAs |
39 (80%) |
20 (91%) |
19 (70%) |
0.665 |
RRT |
14 (29%) |
6 (27%) |
8 (30%) |
|
Length of stay in ICU |
14 (8-28) |
28 (13-40) |
10 (6.5-14.5) |
<0.001 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation |
12 (6-18) |
16 (7.5-27) |
8 (4-14) |
0.006 |
SOFA score at intubation |
4 (1-5) |
1 (0-4) |
4 (1-5) |
0.109 |
Ventilation Acquired Pneumonia |
21 |
15 (68%) |
6 (22%) |
0,002 |