SYSTEMS | SHOCK | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypovolemic Shock | Cardiogenic Shock | Distributive Shock | Obstructive Shock | |
Cardiovascular Findings | Hypercontractile heart with small Left Ventricle chamber size | Hypocontractile heart with dilated Left Ventricle | Hypercontractile heart in early sepsis Hypocontractile heart in late sepsis | Cardiac Tamponade - Presence of pericardial fluid - Right ventricle collapse during diastole Presence of Cardiac Thrombus Right Ventricle Dysfunction (Pulmonary Embolism) - Hypocontractile RV with dilatation - Moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation - McConnell’s sign (reduced right ventricular free wall motion but reserved apical motion) -D shaped ventricle with abnormal motion in interventricular septum |
Respiratory Findings | Hemothorax - Presence of ho- mogeneous echoic effusion/Hematocrit Sign | Pulmonary edema - Lung rockets with multiple diffuse B lines Pleural Effusion - Presence of free pleural fluid | Pneumonia - Presence of Air bronchogram - Loss of A lines - Presence of patchy B lines - Pleural effusion with/with- out multiple septations | Tension Pneumothorax - Absence of normal lung sliding - Absence of seashore sign on M mode - Presence of barcode sign on M mode |
Abdominal and Other Findings | Collapsed Inferior Vena Cava (< l2mm) Ruptured/Leaking Abdominal Aortic Aneursym - Focal aortic dilatation - Peri-aortic fluid, free intraperitoneal fluid, retroperitoneal fluid Aortic dissection - Presence of aortic root dilatation and intimal flap on the Parasternal Long Axis or longitudinal views (transthoracic or transabdominal) | Distended Inferior Vena Cava (> 20mm) | Collapsed Inferior Vena Cava (<12mm) Peritonitis - Presence of peritoneal fluid with/without septation Pyelonephritis - Swollen kidney with increased anechoic corticomedullary area Cholecystitis - Presence of cholelithiasis - Sonographic Murphy sign - Gallbladder wall thickening (>3mm) and presence of pericholecystic fluid Cholangitis - Common bile duct dilatation - Thickening of wall of bile ducts - Presence of debris in the common bile ducts (pus or sludge) | Distended Inferior Vena Cava (> 20mm) Presence of Lower Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis |