Impact of COVID-19 on Basque Musicians: Identifying Main Associations

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Results of inference (impact of COVID-19 on income-V3, V4, V7)_

Model 4 (income)	V3 (expectations on future income recovery)	V4 (expectations regarding carrying on with own activity)	V7 (expectations recovery of the demand live concerts)
Total No.	55	55	55
Test statistic	8.001a	10.820a	10.600a
Degrees of freedom	3	4	4
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.046	0.029	0.031

Results of inference (other job – V7)_

Model 3 (other job)	V7 (expectations recovery of the demand live concerts)
Total No.	55
Test statistic	10.712a
Degrees of freedom	3
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.013

Results of inference (age, V4)_

Model 4 (age)	V4 (expectations regarding carrying on with own activity)
Total No.	55
Mann–Whitney’s U	530.500
Wilcoxon’s W	1,058.500
Test statistic	530.837
Standard error	57.837
Standardised test statistic	2.810
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.005

Results of inference (impact of COVID-19 on activity-V3)_

Model 4 (activity)	V3 (expectations on future income recovery)
Total No.	55
Test statistic	8.001a
Degrees of freedom	3
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.046

Results of inference (gender-V5, V8)_

Model 1 (gender)	V5 (expectations carrying on any musical activity)	V8 (satisfaction with life)
Total No.	55	55
Mann–Whitney’s U	152.000	149.000
Wilcoxon’s W	230.000	227.000
Test statistic	152.000	149.000
Standard error	48.233	48.524
Standardised test statistic	−2.198	−2.246
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.028	0.025

Independent variables (general characteristics)_

I1	Gender
I2	Music studies
I3	Other studies
I4	Age
I5	Experience
I6	Other job
I7	Music style
I8	Labour market situation

Dependent variables_

V1	Impact of COVID-19 on own musical activity
V2	Impact of COVID-19 on income
V3	Expectations regarding income recovery in 2021 and beyond
V4	Expectations regarding carrying on with same type of musical employment in 2021 and beyond
V5	Expectations regarding carrying on with any type of musical employment in 2021 and beyond
V6	Expectations regarding a recovery of the demand of own musical activity in 2021 and beyond
V7	Expectations regarding a recovery of the demand of live concerts in 2021 and beyond
V8	General life satisfaction

Results of inference (gender-V3, V6 and V7)_

Model 2 (music studies)	V3 (expectations on future income recovery)	V6 (expectations on own activity demand recovery)	V7 (expectations on live concerts' demand recovery)
Total No.	55	55	55
Mann-Whitney’s U	245.500	200.000	218.500
Wilcoxon’s W	521.500	476.000	494.500
Test statistic	245.500	200.000	218.500
Standard error	57.947	58.099	58.128
Standardised test statistic	−2.114	−2.892	−2.572
Asymptotic sig. (bilateral test)	0.035	0.004	0.010

Correlation rates (independent variables – V1, V2)_

	I1	I2	I3	I4	I5	I6	I7	I8
V1	−0.096	0.145	−0.159	−0.042	−0.168	0.026	−0.101	0.116
V2	−0.113	0.044	0.028	0.007	−0.035	0.168	0.100	−0.035

Results on inference tests_

	Independent variable	Hypothesis	Affected variable	Sig. level
V1	Impact of COVID-19 on activity	H8	V3	0.046
V2	Impact of COVID-19 on income	H9	V3	0.027
		H10	V4	0.029
		H11	V7	0.031

Correlation rates (independent variables – V3–V8)_

	I1	I2	I3	I4	I5	I6	I7	I8
V3	−0.212	−0.288*	−0.013	0.145	0.102	−0.095	−0.130	−0.034
V4	−0.136	−0.202	−0.29	0.296*	0.269*	−0.093	−0.241	0.109
V5	−0.299*	0.084	−0.012	0.145	0.202	−0.049	−0.074	0.114
V6	−0.229	−0.394**	−0.158	0.084	0.155	−0.219	−0.123	−0.152
V7	−0.203	−0.350**	−0.172	−0.019	0.125	−0.332*	−0.055	−0.106
V8	−0.306*	−0.039	−0.034	−0.077	−0.083	−0.122	−0.135	−0.045

Inference main results_

	Independent variable	Hypothesis	Affected variable	Sig. level
I1	Gender	H1	V5	0.028
		H2	V8	0.025
I2	Music studies	H3	V3	0.035
		H4	V6	0.04
		H5	V7	0.01
I4	Other job	H6	V7	0.013
I5	Age	H7	V4	0.005

Correlation rates (V1, V2 – V3–V8)_

	V3	V4	V5	V6	V7	V8
V1	−0.350**	−0.0145	−0.152	−0.351**	−0.282*	−0.298*
V2	−0.435**	−0.425**	−0.315*	−0.362**	−0.409**	−0.289*