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Factors Predicting Singers’ Work Efficiency and Singers’ Singing Peak

Xuejie Huang
Xuejie Huang
 and 
Mei Foong Ang
Mei Foong Ang
   | Mar 30, 2024
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Article Category: Research article
Published Online: Mar 30, 2024
Page range: 17 - 26
Received: Nov 14, 2023
Accepted: Jan 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijmbr-2024-0004
Keywords
© 2024 Xuejie Huang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

The singing efficiency prediction model. RwT: rework times; SinD: singing duration; DR: dynamic range.
The singing efficiency prediction model. RwT: rework times; SinD: singing duration; DR: dynamic range.

Figure 2.

A qualified wave diagram.
A qualified wave diagram.

Figure 3.

Mean RwT changed by SinD. RwT: rework times; SinD: singing duration.
Mean RwT changed by SinD. RwT: rework times; SinD: singing duration.

Linear regression analysis examining the relationship between predictive variables and SinD.

Model Variables B S.E β 95% CI AIC R2 ∆R2
LL UL
Step 1 1,633.49 0.24*** 0.23
R −0.601 0.097 −0.27*** −0.075 −0.039
P 0.012 0.007 0.072** −0.936 −0.626
DR −0.038 0.017 −0.09** −0.010 0.016
Pronun −0.168 0.110 −0.06 −0.032 0.035
Vib −0.001 0.000 −0.053 −0.429 0.099
Vqual −0.087 0.140 −0.025 −0.001 0.000
Step 2 1,542.07 0.40*** 0.40
Intensity −0.826 0.082 −0.44*** −0.988 −0.664
Step 3 1,163.11 0.45*** 0.45
SinD −0.057 0.009 −0.27*** −0.075 −0.039

Mediation effect test of SinD.

Outcome variable Predictive variable R2 S.E F 95% CI
LL UL
SinD Intensity 0.036*** 0.46 14.15 0.82 2.61
RwT Intensity 0.39*** 0.08 121.43 −1.11 −0.80
SinD 0.01 −1.08 −0.04
RwT Intensity 0.31*** 0.08 169.31 −1.22 −0.90

RwT correlated with the acoustic variables.

R SinD Intensity P Pronun DR Vqual Vib
RwT −0.398** −0.384** −0.563** 0.181** −0.116* −0.230** −0.059 −0.152**
R 0.148** 0.319** −0.092 0.027 0.178** 0.003 −0.005
SinD 0.193** 0.261** 0.103* 0.429** −0.098 0.101*
Intensity 0.139** 0.045 0.199** 0.009 0.093
P −0.041 −0.109* 0.033 −0.069
Pronoun 0.019 −0.023 0.125*
DR −0.093 0.184**
Vqual 0.058

Frequency of the acoustic best performance in each part of the song.

Duration Variable
RwT = 0 Intensity 3 75 R = 6 P £ 50
Verse 1 12 (15.0%) 26 (32.5%) 30 (37.5%) 77 (96.25%)
Chorus 1 11 (13.75%) 28.75 (35.94%) 55 (68.75%) 78 (97.5%)
Verse 2 13 (16.25%) 11 (27.5%) 21 (52.5%) 38 (95.0%)
Chorus 2 40 (50.0%) 43 (53.75%) 51 (63.75%) 80 (100%)
Post-chorus 38 (47.5%) 45 (56.25%) 58 (72.5%) 79 (98.75%)
Outro 6 (30.0%) 8 (40.0%) 10 (25.0%) 18 (90.0%)

Mediation effect size of SinD.

Variable Effect type Coefficient S.E 95% CI
LL UL
SinD Total effect −1.06*** 0.081 −1.22 −0.90
Indirect effect −0.11*** 0.034 −0.18 −0.04
Direct effect −0.95*** 0.078 −1.11 −0.80
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