Effects of Selenium on Bull’s Sperm Oxidative Stress and Viability Under in Vitro Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sodium selenite on the level of oxidative stress and viability of spermatozoa in fresh bull ejaculate in in vitro conditions at different temperatures. Samples of the bull's ejaculates with a concentration of 7 × 10⁵ spermatozoa per ml were placed into the commercial semen extender containing 0 (control), 1 (1Se), 3 (3Se) and 5 (5Se) µg.ml^–1 of sodium selenite. The following analyses were performed by flow cytometry after 1, 3, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation at 4 °C and 37 °C. All analyses were carried out in triplicate. The level of oxidative stress at both temperatures were significantly lower in the experimental groups in comparison to the control group. However, a significant decline of live sperm concentration and a rise of damaged sperm concentration were recorded, especially in groups 1Se and 3Se in comparison to the control group. Only in group 5Se was there observed a positive effect on the damaged spermatozoa level in comparison with groups C, 1Se and 3Se at 4 °C. In conclusion, the applied concentrations of sodium selenite had a positive effect on the level of oxidative stress in all experimental groups, but mainly at concentration of 5 µg.ml^–1 of sodium selenite, especially at 4 °C. However, the effect of selenium was not sufficient for improving the sperm viability.