Note on the compatibility of ICOS, NEON, and TERN sampling designs, different camera setups for effective plant area index estimation with digital hemispherical photography
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Apr 13, 2024
About this article
Article Category: Research paper
Published Online: Apr 13, 2024
Page range: 21 - 36
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0010
Keywords
© 2023 Mihkel Kaha et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Linear relationships between effective plant area index between three camera setups by sampling schemes and using only correct (C) i_e_ non-overexposed images of setup III or all (A)_ RSE is model residual error and N is the number of observations_Tabel 3_ Lineaarsed regressioonmudelid kaamerate ning mõõtmisskeemide kaupa_ Kaamera III mudelid on antud kõikide (A) või ainult korrektsete mõõtmiste ehk ülevalgustamata piltide andmete (C) järgi_ RSE on mudeli jääkviga ning N on vaatluste arv_
Camera setup | Sampling | Linear regression |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Network | Subset | R2 | a | b | RSE | N | ||
I | II | ICOS | A | 0.97 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.06 | 36 |
I | II | NEON | A | 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 0.10 | 36 |
I | II | TERN | A | 0.92 | 0.21 | 0.88 | 0.09 | 36 |
I | III | ICOS | A | 0.28 | 1.55 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 36 |
I | III | ICOS | C | 0.92 | 0.10 | 0.96 | 0.10 | 21 |
I | III | NEON | A | 0.23 | 1.90 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 36 |
I | III | NEON | C | 0.84 | −0.52 | 1.15 | 0.12 | 23 |
I | III | TERN | A | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.81 | 0.18 | 36 |
I | III | TERN | C | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.97 | 0.13 | 24 |
II | III | ICOS | A | 0.29 | 1.44 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 36 |
II | III | ICOS | C | 0.93 | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.09 | 21 |
II | III | NEON | A | 0.17 | 2.15 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 36 |
II | III | NEON | C | 0.85 | −0.73 | 1.28 | 0.12 | 23 |
II | III | TERN | A | 0.77 | 0.36 | 0.92 | 0.16 | 36 |
II | III | TERN | C | 0.87 | 0.16 | 1.01 | 0.12 | 24 |
Camera setup specifications_Tabel 1_ Mõõtmisteks kasutatud kaamerad_
Variable | Camera setup | ||
---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | |
Camera model | Canon EOS 5D | Canon EOS 600D | Canon EOS 2000D |
Fisheye Lens | Sigma 8 mm F3.5 EX DG | Sigma 4.5 mm F2.8 EX | Sigma 4.5 mm F2.8 EX |
Camera height | 1.3 m | 1.3 m | 1.3 m |
Camera orientation | magnetic north | magnetic north | magnetic north |
Initial ISO | 640 | 400 | 100 |
Initial exposure compensation | 0 | 0 | −1 |
Initial shutter speed | 1/32 | 1/60 | Aperture priority |
Image aquisition | single | single | auto-bracketing |
F-stop | f/8 | f/8 | f/8 |
Light metering | Spot | Evaluative | Evaluative |
Sensor size, pixels | 12.8×106 | 18.0×106 | 24.1×106 |
Raw image radius |
1386 | 1450 | 1730 |
Estimations of effective plant area index PAIe for each sampling scheme taken with each setup and their corresponding standard errors (SE)_Tabel 2_ Mõõtmisvõrgustike (ICOS, NEON, TERN) ja kaamerate (Setup I, II ja III) kaupa võrastiku läbipaistvusest arvutatud efektiivne taimkatteindeks PAIe ja selle standardviga (SE)_
Camera | Sampling network | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICOS | NEON | TERN | ||||
PAIe | SE | PAIe | SE | PAIe | SE | |
Setup I | 3.11 | 0.06 | 3.38 | 0.05 | 3.11 | 0.06 |
Setup II | 2.99 | 0.06 | 3.22 | 0.05 | 2.94 | 0.05 |
Setup III | 2.90 | 0.05 | 3.21 | 0.04 | 3.08 | 0.06 |