Open Access

Dermatology nurse prescribing in China: a Delphi method

Shi-Fan Han
Shi-Fan Han
, 
Jin-Ping Gao
Jin-Ping Gao
, 
Yan Cao
Yan Cao
, 
Rui-Fang Zhu
Rui-Fang Zhu
 and 
Ya-Ping Wang
Ya-Ping Wang
   | Mar 20, 2023
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Mar 20, 2023
Page range: 95 - 114
Received: Dec 25, 2021
Accepted: Apr 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0011
Keywords
© 2023 Shi-Fan Han et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Flowchart of the modified Delphi.
Flowchart of the modified Delphi.

Participant characteristics.

Item Medical experts (n = 16) Nursing experts (n = 16) Total Percentage, % P
Age, years 43.00 ± 5.70 41.19 ± 4.75 0.337
    <40 3 7 10 31.25
    40–45 8 7 15 46.88
    46–50 4 1 5 15.63
    >50 1 1 2 6.25
Gender 0.023
    Male 9 2
    Female 7 14
Working years 16.94 ± 6.70 16.81 ± 5.20 0.953
    10–15 8 8 16 50
    16–20 5 5 10 31.25
    21–25 2 1 3 9.36
    26–30 1 2 3 9.36
Education 0.004
    Undergraduate 3 12 15 46.88
    Master’s degree 12 4 16 50
    PhD 1 0 1 3.13
Job title 0.550
    Intermediate 9 10 19 59.38
    Deputy senior 5 6 11 34.38
    Positive senior 2 0 2 6.25
Position
    Dean/vice dean 1 0 1 31.25
    Director 5 0 5 15.63
    Head nurse 0 9 9 28.13

Expert consultation results: nurses can prescribe dermatology medications and prescription models.

Drug categories and names Independent prescribing Collaborative prescribing Extension prescribing Adjustment prescribing Not recommended Prescribing models
Doctor Nurse Total Doctor Nurse Total Doctor Nurse Total Doctor Nurse Total Doctor Nurse Total
Cleaning protection astringent
Calamine 4 7 11 8 7 15 3 2 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 Independent/collaborative prescribing
Zinc oxide 1 2 3 13 9 22 1 5 6 1 0 1 0 0 0 Collaborative prescribing
Potassium permanganate 1 2 3 10 13 23 4 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 Collaborative prescribing
Starch 4 3 7 7 8 15 3 5 8 2 0 2 0 0 0 Collaborative prescribing
Silicones 4 1 5 2 8 10 6 7 13 3 0 3 1 0 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Tannic acid 2 0 2 5 8 13 6 5 11 2 1 3 1 2 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Zinc sulfate 0 0 0 4 7 11 5 3 8 4 3 7 3 3 6 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Disinfection and antibacterial agent
Nitrofural 2 3 5 10 6 16 1 5 6 1 0 1 2 2 4 Collaborative prescribing
Benzalkonium bromide 0 0 0 3 3 6 9 10 19 1 2 3 3 1 4 Extension prescribing
Antipruritic agent
Menthol 2 1 3 7 10 17 7 3 10 0 1 1 0 1 1 Collaborative prescribing
Dyclonine 3 2 5 11 4 15 2 10 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Camphor 1 4 5 5 2 7 8 7 15 2 2 4 0 1 1 Extension prescribing
External antimicrobial agent
Bacitracin 1 1 2 5 5 10 7 7 14 1 2 3 2 1 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Gentamicin 0 0 0 4 5 9 8 6 14 3 3 6 1 2 3 Extension prescribing
Colistin 0 0 0 8 5 13 5 9 14 2 0 2 1 2 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
*Clindamycin 1 1 2 5 8 13 6 3 9 3 3 6 1 1 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Norfloxacin 0 0 0 6 3 9 7 10 17 2 1 3 1 2 3 Extension prescribing
*Mupirocin 1 2 3 13 12 25 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 Collaborative
*Fusidic acid 1 2 3 9 9 18 6 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Collaborative
Mercuric aminochloride 0 0 0 5 8 13 6 6 12 3 0 3 2 0 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
*Benzoyl peroxide 11 15 26 3 1 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 Independent prescribing
Topical corticosteroid preparation
*Hydrocortisone 0 2 2 5 5 10 5 6 11 1 2 3 4 1 5 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Mometasone furoate 0 1 1 9 2 11 4 9 13 3 2 5 0 2 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Hydrocortisone butyrate 0 1 1 4 3 7 7 5 12 4 3 7 1 4 5 Extension prescribing
Cutin accelerator and relaxant
*Coal tar 0 2 2 7 5 12 8 5 13 0 3 3 1 1 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Pityrol 1 1 2 3 4 7 9 8 17 2 2 4 1 1 2 Extension prescribing
Ichthammol 2 2 4 6 5 11 4 5 9 4 3 7 0 1 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Urea 2 2 4 8 9 17 5 5 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 Collaborative
Allantoin 2 2 4 8 9 17 6 4 10 0 1 1 0 0 0 Collaborative
Shading agent
Para-aminobenzoic acid 1 0 1 6 5 11 5 7 12 2 2 4 2 2 4 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Titanium dioxide 1 0 1 6 6 12 6 6 12 2 2 4 1 2 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Phenyl salicylate 1 2 3 4 3 7 5 4 9 6 6 12 0 1 1 Extension/adjustment prescribing
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Ketoprofen 0 0 0 2 6 8 6 5 11 4 3 7 4 2 6 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Ibuprofen 0 1 1 2 7 9 3 5 8 7 1 8 4 2 6 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Etofenamate 0 0 0 1 4 5 7 5 12 4 6 10 4 1 5 Extension/adjustment prescribing
Compound preparation
Compound Clotrimazole 1 0 1 5 6 11 7 7 14 1 2 3 2 1 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Compound halometasone 0 1 1 7 2 9 4 9 13 4 3 7 1 1 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Compound econazole nitrate 1 0 1 2 4 6 8 7 15 4 1 5 1 4 5 Extension prescribing
Compound triamcinolone acetonide 0 1 1 4 2 6 4 8 12 6 4 10 2 1 3 Extension prescribing/adjustment prescribing
Others
Minoxidil 0 0 0 5 7 12 8 6 14 2 1 3 1 2 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
*Calcipotriol 0 0 0 5 4 9 7 7 14 3 2 5 1 3 4 Extension prescribing
Tacalcitol 1 1 2 6 3 9 6 8 14 3 3 6 0 1 1 Extension prescribing
Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream 1 0 1 7 6 13 4 4 8 2 4 6 2 2 4 Collaborative
Water-soluble vitamin
Vitamin B1 1 2 3 8 8 16 6 4 10 0 2 2 1 0 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Thiamine propyldsulfide 0 1 1 8 3 11 5 7 12 3 2 5 0 3 3 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Fursultiamine 0 0 0 7 7 14 6 5 11 2 3 5 1 1 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Vitamin B2 1 1 2 7 6 13 5 3 8 2 5 7 1 1 2 Collaborative
Riboflavin laurate 0 1 1 9 4 13 4 5 9 2 2 4 1 4 5 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Nicotinic acid 1 0 1 5 7 12 7 2 9 1 2 3 2 2 4 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Nicotinamide 1 2 3 7 3 10 6 6 12 1 2 3 1 3 4 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Calcium pantothenate 2 1 3 6 7 13 7 6 13 1 1 2 0 1 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Vitamin B4 1 2 3 7 5 12 5 6 11 2 2 4 1 1 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Rutoside 1 0 1 7 7 14 5 6 11 2 3 5 1 0 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Vitamin C 3 4 7 8 3 11 2 4 6 2 0 2 1 5 6 Collaborative
Fat-soluble vitamin
Vitamin A 1 3 4 9 8 17 5 1 6 0 1 1 1 3 4 Collaborative
Vitamin D 2 2 4 7 8 15 3 2 5 3 3 6 1 1 2 Collaborative
ALPHA-D3 2 0 2 2 7 9 5 5 10 5 1 6 2 3 5 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Multivitamin and trace element preparations
Vitamin B Complex 2 0 2 9 9 18 5 6 11 0 1 1 0 0 0 Collaborative
Vitamin B complex 2 0 2 3 8 11 7 5 12 4 2 6 0 1 1 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Vitamin B compound tablets 2 2 4 9 6 15 3 6 9 2 1 3 0 1 1 Collaborative
Soluvit N 2 3 5 3 4 7 7 4 11 2 4 6 2 2 4 Extension prescribing
Multivitamins 3 1 4 7 6 13 5 7 12 1 0 1 0 2 2 Collaborative/extension prescribing
Caltrate with vitamin D 3 2 5 7 10 17 5 4 9 1 0 1 0 0 0 Collaborative
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