Dermatology nurse prescribing in China: a Delphi method
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20. März 2023
Über diesen Artikel
Artikel-Kategorie: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 20. März 2023
Seitenbereich: 95 - 114
Eingereicht: 25. Dez. 2021
Akzeptiert: 23. Apr. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0011
Schlüsselwörter
© 2023 Shi-Fan Han et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Participant characteristics_
| Item | Medical experts (n = 16) | Nursing experts (n = 16) | Total | Percentage, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43.00 ± 5.70 | 41.19 ± 4.75 | 0.337 | |||
| <40 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 31.25 | |
| 40–45 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 46.88 | |
| 46–50 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 15.63 | |
| >50 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6.25 | |
| 0.023 | |||||
| Male | 9 | 2 | |||
| Female | 7 | 14 | |||
| 16.94 ± 6.70 | 16.81 ± 5.20 | 0.953 | |||
| 10–15 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 50 | |
| 16–20 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 31.25 | |
| 21–25 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9.36 | |
| 26–30 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9.36 | |
| 0.004 | |||||
| Undergraduate | 3 | 12 | 15 | 46.88 | |
| Master’s degree | 12 | 4 | 16 | 50 | |
| PhD | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.13 | |
| 0.550 | |||||
| Intermediate | 9 | 10 | 19 | 59.38 | |
| Deputy senior | 5 | 6 | 11 | 34.38 | |
| Positive senior | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6.25 | |
| Dean/vice dean | 1 | 0 | 1 | 31.25 | |
| Director | 5 | 0 | 5 | 15.63 | |
| Head nurse | 0 | 9 | 9 | 28.13 | |
Expert consultation results: nurses can prescribe dermatology medications and prescription models_
| Drug categories and names | Independent prescribing | Collaborative prescribing | Extension prescribing | Adjustment prescribing | Not recommended | Prescribing models | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor | Nurse | Total | Doctor | Nurse | Total | Doctor | Nurse | Total | Doctor | Nurse | Total | Doctor | Nurse | Total | ||
| Calamine | 4 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Independent/collaborative prescribing |
| Zinc oxide | 1 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 9 | 22 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative prescribing |
| Potassium permanganate | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative prescribing |
| Starch | 4 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative prescribing |
| Silicones | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Tannic acid | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Zinc sulfate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 6 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Nitrofural | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Collaborative prescribing |
| Benzalkonium bromide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | Extension prescribing |
| Menthol | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Collaborative prescribing |
| Dyclonine | 3 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Camphor | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Extension prescribing |
| Bacitracin | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Gentamicin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Extension prescribing |
| Colistin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| *Clindamycin | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Norfloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Extension prescribing |
| *Mupirocin | 1 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 25 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Collaborative |
| *Fusidic acid | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative |
| Mercuric aminochloride | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| *Benzoyl peroxide | 11 | 15 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Independent prescribing |
| *Hydrocortisone | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Mometasone furoate | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Hydrocortisone butyrate | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | Extension prescribing |
| *Coal tar | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Pityrol | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Extension prescribing |
| Ichthammol | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Urea | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative |
| Allantoin | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Titanium dioxide | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Phenyl salicylate | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Extension/adjustment prescribing |
| Ketoprofen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Ibuprofen | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 6 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Etofenamate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | Extension/adjustment prescribing |
| Compound Clotrimazole | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Compound halometasone | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Compound econazole nitrate | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | Extension prescribing |
| Compound triamcinolone acetonide | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | Extension prescribing/adjustment prescribing |
| Minoxidil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| *Calcipotriol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Extension prescribing |
| Tacalcitol | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Extension prescribing |
| Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Collaborative |
| Vitamin B1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Thiamine propyldsulfide | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Fursultiamine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Vitamin B2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative |
| Riboflavin laurate | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Nicotinic acid | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Nicotinamide | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Calcium pantothenate | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Vitamin B4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Rutoside | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Vitamin C | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | Collaborative |
| Vitamin A | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Collaborative |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Collaborative |
| ALPHA-D3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Vitamin B Complex | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative |
| Vitamin B complex | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Vitamin B compound tablets | 2 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Collaborative |
| Soluvit N | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Extension prescribing |
| Multivitamins | 3 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Collaborative/extension prescribing |
| Caltrate with vitamin D | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Collaborative |