Green extraction of bioactive compounds from Azadirachta indica in aqueous glycerol and modelling and optimisation by response surface methodology
, and | Dec 31, 2022
About this article
Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Dec 31, 2022
Page range: 249 - 262
Received: Aug 30, 2022
Accepted: Nov 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2022-0019
Keywords
© 2022 Mahnoor Anis et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
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Figure 5
Results of the ANOVA for model fitting and optimisation of extraction as per the three-factor BBD of RSM.
| Source | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPC (quadratic) | TFC (linear) | MCA (quadratic) | DPPH (linear) | |
| Model | 0.0027 |
<0.0001 |
0.0002 |
<0.0001 |
| A-concentration | 0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
| B-Time | 0.0736 | 0.18 | 0.5736 | 0.0007 |
| C-Temperature | 0.0181 |
0.5536 | 0.0828 | 0.1511 |
| AB | 0.7295 | 0.1162 | ||
| AC | 0.4973 | 0.0095 |
||
| BC | 0.4104 | 0.0308 |
||
| A2 | 0.0051 |
0.3132 | ||
| B2 | 0.5835 | 0.0051 |
||
| C2 | 0.2644 | 0.0494 |
||
| Residual | ||||
| Lack of fit | 0.8729 | 0.1821 | 0.3174 | 0.4079 |
| R2 values | ||||
| R2 | 0.9699 | 0.9288 | 0.989 | 0.9621 |
| Predicted |
0.9156 | 0.9094 | 0.9692 | 0.9517 |
| Adjusted |
0.8274 | 0.8513 | 0.8578 | 0.9313 |
Predicted and observed response values and their corresponding percent errors.
| Responses | Predicted value | Observed value | Error (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TPC (mg GAE · g−1 DW) | 5.27 | 4.937 | 6.318 |
| TFC (mg RE · g−1 DW) | 9.869 | 9.333 | 5.431 |
| MCA (%) | 54.366 | 50.378 | 7.335 |
| DPPH (%) | 73.804 | 79.458 | −7.661 |
BBD and experimental values of response factors obtained in the analysis.
| Standard order | Run order | Input factors | Responses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (%) | B (min) | C (°C) | TPC | TFC | MCA (%) | ARA (%) | ||
| 4 | 1 | 70 | 60 | 40 | 4.92 ± 0.32 | 10.05 ± 0.55 | 58.21 ± 5.00 | 67.14 ± 0.51 |
| 3 | 2 | 30 | 60 | 40 | 3.72 ± 0.15 | 3.67 ± 0.04 | 91.38 ± 0.27 | 23.16 ± 0.51 |
| 5 | 3 | 30 | 40 | 30 | 4.13 ± 0.07 | 5.45 ± 0.30 | 89.94 ± 1.30 | 33.94 ± 0.40 |
| 1 | 4 | 30 | 20 | 40 | 4.11 ± 0.08 | 5.67 ± 0.36 | 84.63 ± 1.32 | 41.97 ± 0.20 |
| 11 | 5 | 50 | 20 | 50 | 4.95 ± 0.32 | 8.07 ± 0.47 | 77.19 ± 4.66 | 57.85 ± 0.22 |
| 7 | 6 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 3.80 ± 0.25 | 4.55 ± 0.04 | 78.19 ± 3.37 | 26.64 ± 0.71 |
| 10 | 7 | 50 | 60 | 30 | 5.10 ± 0.63 | 7.33 ± 0.18 | 78.39 ± 1.48 | 51.25 ± 5.41 |
| 8 | 8 | 70 | 40 | 50 | 4.84 ± 0.91 | 8.88 ± 0.15 | 60.31 ± 0.90 | 74.85 ± 0.40 |
| 14 | 9 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 4.83 ± 0.24 | 7.52 ± 0.36 | 68.13 ± 7.14 | 50.97 ± 1.41 |
| 9 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 5.11 ± 0.29 | 6.81 ± 0.36 | 73.73 ± 8.50 | 58.78 ± 0.54 |
| 2 | 11 | 70 | 20 | 40 | 5.20 ± 0.41 | 10.10 ± 0.76 | 59.02 ± 4.24 | 73.91 ± 0.51 |
| 15 | 12 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 4.60 ± 0.72 | 7.07 ± 0.43 | 65.50 ± 10.57 | 48.17 ± 1.55 |
| 13 | 13 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 5.01 ± 0.30 | 6.98 ± 0.55 | 68.04 ± 6.61 | 45.30 ± 1.51 |
| 6 | 14 | 70 | 40 | 30 | 5.39 ± 0.29 | 10.14 ± 0.31 | 55.80 ± 5.34 | 74.51 ± 0.51 |
| 12 | 15 | 50 | 60 | 50 | 4.67 ± 0.34 | 7.21 ± 0.07 | 69.98 ± 10.83 | 43.23 ± 0.22 |