<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) is mainly known for its highly polymorphic classical molecules (class Ia and class II), which play a role in tumour immune modulation. The focus of this review, however, is on non-classical, significantly less polymorphic HLA-E, -F, and -G molecules (HLA-Ib), which are expressed by both immune and malignant cells in the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings indicate that the presence of HLA-G and -E in malignant tumours is associated with lowered overall survival of patients, whereas HLA-F is the least investigated and information about its role is more limited.</p>
</abstract>

The human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) is mainly known for its highly polymorphic classical molecules (class Ia and class II), which play a role in tumour immune modulation. The focus of this review, however, is on non-classical, significantly less polymorphic HLA-E, -F, and -G molecules (HLA-Ib), which are expressed by both immune and malignant cells in the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings indicate that the presence of HLA-G and -E in malignant tumours is associated with lowered overall survival of patients, whereas HLA-F is the least investigated and information about its role is more limited.

Expression of the Non-classical HLA-E, -F, -G Molecules in the Tumour Microenvironment

Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty

Forum of Clinical Oncology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) is mainly known for its highly polymorphic classical molecules (class Ia and class II), which play a role in tumour...

HLA-Ia molecules

Gene	A	B	C	E	F	G
Alleles	7,562	9,000	7,513	311	56	104
Proteins	4,399	5,414	4,157	121	11	35
Nulls	392	312	324	8	0	5

Expression of the Non-classical HLA-E, -F, -G Molecules in the Tumour Microenvironment

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Aug 03, 2023

Page range: 53 - 62

Received: Sep 20, 2022

Accepted: Jan 09, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2022-0008

Keywords
Non-classical HLA molecules, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G, immune modulation, cancer, tumour microenvironment

© 2022 Anastasia Ormandjieva, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Alleles and proteins of HLA class I molecules[8].

Expression of the Non-classical HLA-E, -F, -G Molecules in the Tumour Microenvironment

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Aug 03, 2023

Page range: 53 - 62

Received: Sep 20, 2022

Accepted: Jan 09, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2022-0008

KeywordsNon-classical HLA molecules, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G, immune modulation, cancer, tumour microenvironment

© 2022 Anastasia Ormandjieva, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Alleles and proteins of HLA class I molecules[8].

Keywords
Non-classical HLA molecules, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G, immune modulation, cancer, tumour microenvironment