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Sialic acids: An Avenue to Target Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy

Mallikarjun Goni

Mallikarjun Goni

  • SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, A Constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara UniversityDharwad, India
  • Department of Biotechnology, Basaveshwar Engineering CollegeBagalkot, India
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Goni, Mallikarjun
, 
Palaksha Kanive Javaregowda

Palaksha Kanive Javaregowda

SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, A Constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara UniversityDharwad, India
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Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive
, 
Vishwanath Chachadi

Vishwanath Chachadi

Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka UniversityDharwad, India
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Chachadi, Vishwanath
 and 
DBM Virupakshaiah

DBM Virupakshaiah

Department of Microbiology, Davangere UniversityDavangere, India
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Virupakshaiah, DBM
  
Apr 19, 2022
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Article Category: Review
Published Online: Apr 19, 2022
Page range: 40 - 48
Received: Jul 09, 2021
Accepted: Sep 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2021-0006
Keywords
© 2021 Mallikarjun Goni et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

In cancer cells, factors such as oncogenes, hormones, and therapy increase the expression of sialyltransferases while decreasing the expression of sialidases (Neu). As a result, sialoglycan synthesis by sialyltransferases in the Golgi system is increased, while sialoglycan hydrolysis by sialidases in the lysosome is decreased, resulting in the accumulation of hyposialylated structures on the cell membrane. The Fas receptor’s apoptotic signalling is impaired by unusually elevated sialoglycan expression (A). The integrins hypersialylation facilitates binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or selectins, allowing migration/tissue invasion and metastasis formation (C), and assisting immune evasion in cancer (B) and mediating resistance to therapy (D).
In cancer cells, factors such as oncogenes, hormones, and therapy increase the expression of sialyltransferases while decreasing the expression of sialidases (Neu). As a result, sialoglycan synthesis by sialyltransferases in the Golgi system is increased, while sialoglycan hydrolysis by sialidases in the lysosome is decreased, resulting in the accumulation of hyposialylated structures on the cell membrane. The Fas receptor’s apoptotic signalling is impaired by unusually elevated sialoglycan expression (A). The integrins hypersialylation facilitates binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or selectins, allowing migration/tissue invasion and metastasis formation (C), and assisting immune evasion in cancer (B) and mediating resistance to therapy (D).
Language:
English
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2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Haematology, Oncology
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