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Residents’ Perceptions about Tourism Development: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Locations in the North of Portugal

Goretti Silva

Goretti Silva

Polytechnic University of Viana de Castelo; Center for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CiTUR)Viana de Castelo, Portugal
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Silva, Goretti
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Mariana Oliveira

Mariana Oliveira

Polytechnic University of Viana do Castelo; Center for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CiTUR)Viana de Castelo, Portugal
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Oliveira, Mariana
  
Dec 31, 2024
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Published Online: Dec 31, 2024
Page range: 190 - 205
Received: Feb 01, 2024
Accepted: Apr 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2024-0014
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© 2024 Goretti Silva et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Map of the northern region of Portugal. Source: Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (n. d.).
Map of the northern region of Portugal. Source: Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (n. d.).

Employment in the Tourism Sector

Porto Guimarães Gerês
n % n % n %
Total respondents 365 264 128
Family member employed in tourism 124 34.0 79 29.9 53 41.4
Accommodation 30 24.2 16 20.3 18 34.0
Restaurants 57 46.0 33 41.8 28 52.8
Transportation 14 11.3 4 5.1 10 18.9
Agencies and Tour Operators 18 14.5 11 13.9 2 3.8
Events, Entertainment, and Culture 12 9.7 11 13.9 12 22.6
X2= 5.085 df = 2 p = 0.79

Residents’ perceptions of positive impacts

N M Md MR
Improved the image of the place
Porto 365 4.11 4 339.74
Guimarães 264 4.58 5 482.51
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 3.73 4 277.46
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2 = 136.180 df = 2 p = 0.001
Infrastructure improvement
Porto 365 4.08 4 380.08
Guimarães 264 4.28 4 444.79
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 3.37 4 240.22
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2= 65.561 df = 2 p = 0.001
Opportunities for local businesses
Porto 365 4.12 4 380.05
Guimarães 264 4.29 4 448.28
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 3.30 4 233.12
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2= 77.778 df = 2 p = 0.001
Increased jobs for residents
Porto 365 4.16 4 435.29
Guimarães 264 3.93 4 387.12
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 2.91 3 201.73
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2= 46.747 df = 2 p = 0.001
Enabled heritage preservation
Porto 365 3.53 4 360.35
Guimarães 264 3.95 4 452.93
PN Peneda-Gerês 120 3.17 3 279.72
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2= 88.299 df = 2 p = 0.001

Sample Size and Distribution

Porto Guimarães PNPG Total
n % n % n % n %
Total Respondents 365 48.22 264 34.87 128 16.91 757 100.00

Residents’ Profile

Porto Guimarães PNPG Total
n % n % n % n %
Total Respondents 365 48.22 264 34.87 128 16.91 757 100.00
Length of residence in the area
≤10 years 60 16.4 49 18.6 16 12.5 125 16.51
11–25 years 117 32.1 108 40.9 33 25.8 258 34.08
26–49 years 101 27.7 61 23.1 44 34.4 206 27.21
≥50 years 87 23.8 46 17.4 35 27.3 168 22.19
Age
18–30 years 97 26.6 100 37.9 18 14.1 215 28.40
31–50 years 128 35.1 72 27.3 54 42.2 254 33.55
51–65 years 63 17.3 64 24.2 26 20.3 153 20.21
>65 years 77 21.1 28 10.6 30 23.4 135 17.83
Gender
Female 191 52.3 149 56.4 71 55.5 411 54.29
Male 174 47.7 114 43.2 57 44.5 345 45.57
Civil status
Single 104 28.5 105 39.8 40 31.3 249 32.89
Married/non-marital cohabitation 185 50.7 121 45.8 65 50.8 371 49.01
Divorced/separated 36 9.9 23 8.7 11 8.6 70 9.25
Widowed 40 11.0 15 5.7 12 9.4 67 8.85
Academic qualifications
Cannot read or write 1 0.3 1 0.38 6 4.7 8 1.06
I can read but no school 2 0.5 2 0.76 0 0.0 4 0.53
1st cycle (primary education) 75 20.0 44 16.67 37 28.9 156 20.61
Intermediate (9th grade) 112 29.9 28 10.61 26 20.3 166 21.93
Secondary/vocational (12th grade) 93 24.8 78 29.55 43 33.6 214 28.27
High education 92 24.5 111 42.05 16 12.5 219 28.93
Labour status
Domestic 7 1.9 4 1.5 7 5.5 18 2.38
Student 38 10.4 56 21.2 6 4.7 100 13.21
Self-employed 54 14.8 26 9.8 44 34.4 124 16.38
Retired 68 18.6 41 15.5 25 19.5 134 17.70
Unemployed 21 5.8 5 1.9 12 9.4 38 5.02
Seeking 1st job 9 2.5 13 4.9 0 0.0 22 2.91
Employee of someone else 174 47.7 119 45.1 34 26.6 327 43.20

Tourism Social Sustainability Indicators

Overnights 2022* Residents (2021 Census) Tourist Intensity (overnights/100 residents/day), in 2022* Tourist Density (overnights/Km2/day), in 2021*
Norte 11 556 645 3 586 586 0.08 0.79
Arcos de Valdevez 80 263 20 718 0.09 0.39
Guimarães 320 866 156 830 0.05 2.26
Porto 4 819 168 231 800 0.54 193.97

Residents’ Perceptions of Negative Impacts

N M Md MR
Increased prices of goods and services
Porto 365 4.05 4 370.61
Guimarães 264 4.44 5 483.54
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 3.04 3 187.30
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2=173.927 df=2 p=0.001
Environmental degradation
Porto 365 2.83 3 413.81
Guimarães 264 2.29 2 305.54
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 2.93 3 431.25
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2=29.440 df=2 p=0.001
Reduction of traditional shopping
Porto 365 1.92 2 377.14
Guimarães 264 1.97 2 354.28
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 2.30 2 435.30
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2=16.469 df=2 p=0.001
Causes loss of cultural identity
Porto 365 2.30 2 410.80
Guimarães 264 1.87 2 316.26
PN Peneda-Gerês 127 2.34 2 415.04
Total 756
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2=12.795 df=2 p=0.001
Disrupts daily life of residents
Porto 365 2.97 3 455.52
Guimarães 264 2.08 2 293.09
PN Peneda-Gerês 128 2.30 2 337.97
Total 757
Kruskal-Wallis’ test results X2= 53.044 df = 2 p = 0.001
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