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Gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf harvested in Southern part of Nigeria in rat

Samuel O. Onoja

Samuel O. Onoja

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Onoja, Samuel O.
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Osborn Chinagorom

Osborn Chinagorom

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Chinagorom, Osborn
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Chinyere B. C. Ikpa

Chinyere B. C. Ikpa

Department of Chemistry, Imo State University P.M.B 2000Owerri, Nigeria
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Ikpa, Chinyere B. C.
, 
Kelechi G. Madubuike

Kelechi G. Madubuike

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Madubuike, Kelechi G.
, 
Ihechiluru I. Ezeigbo

Ihechiluru I. Ezeigbo

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Ezeigbo, Ihechiluru I.
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Solomon N. Ijioma

Solomon N. Ijioma

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Ijioma, Solomon N.
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Aruh O. Anaga

Aruh O. Anaga

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu StateEnugu, Nigeria
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Anaga, Aruh O.
 and 
Maxwell I. Ezeja

Maxwell I. Ezeja

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267Umudike, Nigeria
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Ezeja, Maxwell I.
  
Oct 27, 2018
Gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf harvested in Southern part of Nigeria in rat's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Oct 27, 2018
Page range: 200 - 208
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2018-0050
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© 2018 Samuel O. Onoja, Osborn Chinagorom, Chinyere B. C. Ikpa, Kelechi G. Madubuike, Ihechiluru I. Ezeigbo, Solomon N. Ijioma, Aruh O. Anaga, Maxwell I. Ezeja, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

GC-MS chromatogram of ESE.1 = benzenesulfonyl chloride, 2 = benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-, 3 = benzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester, 4 = 2(5H)-furanone, 4-methoxy-5-phenyl-, 5 = 4,5-dimethylthiazole, 6 = p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
GC-MS chromatogram of ESE.1 = benzenesulfonyl chloride, 2 = benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-, 3 = benzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester, 4 = 2(5H)-furanone, 4-methoxy-5-phenyl-, 5 = 4,5-dimethylthiazole, 6 = p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

Figure 2

Stomach sections of effects of ESE against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Arrows indicate points of gastric ulceration. Plates A- E represents various treatments; groups A = distilled water 5.0 ml/kg, B = cimetidine 100 mg/kg, C = ESE 25 mg/kg, D = ESE 50 mg/kg, E = ESE 100 mg/kg (x 100 magnification).
Stomach sections of effects of ESE against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Arrows indicate points of gastric ulceration. Plates A- E represents various treatments; groups A = distilled water 5.0 ml/kg, B = cimetidine 100 mg/kg, C = ESE 25 mg/kg, D = ESE 50 mg/kg, E = ESE 100 mg/kg (x 100 magnification).

Figure 3

The relaxant effects of ESE on isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 57 – 456 μg/mL.
The relaxant effects of ESE on isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 57 – 456 μg/mL.

Figure 4

Concentration-dependent effects of histamine and acetylcholine on the intrinsic contraction in isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo HIS = histamine, ACH = acetylcholine, the final bath concentration of histamine was between 0.15 – 0.44 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of acetylcholine was between 0.015 – 0.044 μg/ml.
Concentration-dependent effects of histamine and acetylcholine on the intrinsic contraction in isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo HIS = histamine, ACH = acetylcholine, the final bath concentration of histamine was between 0.15 – 0.44 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of acetylcholine was between 0.015 – 0.044 μg/ml.

Figure 5

The inhibitory effects of ESE on acetylcholine-induced increased intrinsic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo ACH = acetylcholine, ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, the final bath concentration of acetylcholine was 0.029 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 114 – 456 μg/mL.
The inhibitory effects of ESE on acetylcholine-induced increased intrinsic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo ACH = acetylcholine, ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, the final bath concentration of acetylcholine was 0.029 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 114 – 456 μg/mL.

Figure 6

The inhibitory effects of ESE on histamine-induced increased intrinsic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo HIS = histamine, ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, the final bath concentration of histamine was 0.29 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 114 – 456 μg/mL.
The inhibitory effects of ESE on histamine-induced increased intrinsic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo HIS = histamine, ESE = Eremomastax speciosa extract, the final bath concentration of histamine was 0.29 μg/mL while the final bath concentration of ESE ranged between 114 – 456 μg/mL.

Effects of ESE against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer

GroupUlcer scoreUlcer severityUlcer index% inhibition
Distilled water, 5 ml/kg9.80 ± 1.4616.00 ± 0.8412.58 ± 0.07-
Cimetidine, 100 mg/kg5.80 ± 1.11*10.80 ± 2.8211.66 ± 0.32*7.31
ESE, 25 mg/kg4.00 ± 0.82*6.50 ± 1.55*11.05 ± 0.18*12.16
ESE, 50 mg/kg8.50 ± 1.2014.25 ± 1.8012.28 ± 0.292.38
ESE, 100 mg/kg8.00 ± 2.3115.67 ± 5.9312.37 ± 0.581.67

Chemical composition of ESE as identified by the GC-MS

S/NRT (min)%MW (g)MFChemical name
130.6040.63176C6H5ClO2SBenzenesulfonyl chloride
233.0021.25254C15H10O4Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-
321.8015.63172C7H8O3SBenzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester
428.8012.50190C11H10O32(5H)-Furanone, 4-methoxy-5-phenyl-
534.504.38113C5H7NS4,5-Dimethylthiazole
632.005.63210C6H4Cl2O2Sp-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride

Effects of ESE on ethanol-induced ulcer

GroupUlcer scoreUlcer severityUlcer index% inhibition
Distilled water, 5 ml/kg8.33 ± 1.6517.33 ± 3.9412.57 ± 0.55-
Misoprostol, 50 μg/kg0.50 ± 0.29*1.00 ± 0.71*5.15 ± 0.07*59.03
ESE, 25 mg/kg3.75 ± 2.259.00 ± 5.936.28 ± 0.63*50.04
ESE, 50 mg/kg7.67 ± 1.1717.67 ± 3.158.53 ± 0.40*32.14
ESE, 100 mg/kg5.00 ± 2.418.40 ± 3.617.34 ± 0.49*41.61

Effect of ESE on total gastric acidity

GroupTotal gastric acidity (mole/L)% reduction
Distilled water, 5 ml/kg0.08 ± 0.00-
Cimetidine, 100 mg/kg0.03 ± 0.01*62.5
ESE, 25 mg/kg0.06 ± 0.0025
ESE, 50 mg/kg0.04 ± 0.01*50
ESE, 100 mg/kg0.07 ± 0.0112.5
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