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Figure 1
The rising amounts of global plastic production.
Figure 2
General chemical structure of PHA biopolyesters. Upper part: scheme of a prokaryotic cell harboring PHA granules (“carbonosomes”). R: side chain of monomers; n: number of methylene groups in backbone of monomers; x: degree of polymerization; *: chiral carbon atom in most PHA building blocks.
Figure 3
The eight pillars of cost-efficient and sustainable PHA manufacturing.
Figure 4
Process steps for PHA production starting from surplus whey as raw material.
Figure 5
Theoretically accessible quantities of PHA starting from lipid waste of the European animal-processing industry.