Revealing the Crucial Role and Prospect of Nano-biofertilizers for Improving Soil Health and Advancing Sustainable Crop Productivity

Increase in plant fresh and dry biomass

Improve total soluble protein, sugar, and phenolic contents

Improve the tomato plant nutrition [silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K)]

Enhance plant growth, improve wheat grain quantity and quality by 5%–40%

In addition, they boost photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristics

Enhance their tolerance to drought and heat stress, and increase their growth and productivity

Increases the shoot and root length of fenugreek plant with only 75 ppm of CeO₂ in the nanocomposite

Prevents bioaccumulation

Increase relative water content by 43%–50% and plant biomass

Utilizing rhizobacteria-infused biofertilizer alongside ZnO-NPs has the potential to be a highly efficient bioresource for enhancing the growth of maize plants in the presence of arsenic stress

With the application of ZnO-NPs and biofertilizer, there was a substantial improvement in various plant growth indicators: total length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content increased by 14.6%, 37.5%, 40%, 30.9%, and 31.7%, respectively

Protein levels, grain yield, and zinc content in the grain experienced significant boosts, with increases of 30.7%, 8.8%, and 66.3%, respectively

The populations of total aerobic bacteria, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and zinc-solubilizing bacteria showed remarkable growth, with increments of 99%, 34%, 31%, 166%, and 1400%, respectively

Significant improvement over control in both growing seasons

In comparison to the unfertilized treatment, the combination of TiO₂ and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi led to a 35% increase in dry matter yield and a 35% improvement in water usage efficiency

50% maximum allowable depletion fertilized with TiO₂ + AMF exhibited the highest content of essential oil (EO) at 1.48%, the highest yield at 2.52 g/m², and the highest concentration of cis-thujone at 35.84%, which is the primary ingredient in sage essential oil

The effects of iron oxide nanoparticles and R. pusense on the increase and improvement of green gram plant life, either single or a combination of both, varied substantially

Plant life cultivated with IONPs and R. pusence, each on its own and in mixture, had appreciably higher seed germination rates, duration, and dry biomass of plant organs and seed additives than controls

Combined application of AMF + Chitosan NPs increased thyme dry yield by 21.7% when compared to the control

AgNPs and C. testosteroni have the potential to serve as biofertilizers for enhancing the growth of flax crops in the presence of salinity stress