About this article
Published Online: Jul 24, 2025
Page range: 945 - 953
Received: May 25, 2024
Accepted: Sep 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2024-0109
Keywords
© 2025 Sara Bagheri et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aquaculture is a pivotal industry for global food production, facing challenges such as environmental conditions, and disease. Stress, a significant factor compromising fish health, suppresses immune functions and increases disease susceptibility. Anesthetic agents like eugenol (EU), derived from clove oil (