Cite

Abdallah O.A., Killany O.E., El-Gharib H.E., Mohamed R.F. (2016). Hematological and growth performance studies after Withania somnifera supplementation in broilers. Suez Canal Vet. Med. J., 1: 173–183. Search in Google Scholar

Abdel-Wahhab K.G., Mourad H.H., Mannaa F.A., Morsy F.A., Hassan L.K., Taher R.F. (2019). Role of ashwagandha methanolic extract in the regulation of thyroid profile in hypothyroidism modeled rats. Mol. Biol. Rep., 46: 3637–3649. Search in Google Scholar

Acharya P., Huded P., Bettadahalli S., Zarei M., Uppin V., Venugopal N., Talahalli R.R. (2020). Withafein-A down-regulate enterohepatic circulation of bile acids: an insight from a hyperlipidemic rat model. J. Agric. Food Res., 2: 100035. Search in Google Scholar

Afewerky H.K., Ayodeji A.E., Tiamiyu B.B., Orege J.I., Okeke E.S., Oyejobi A.O., Bate P.N.N., Adeyemi S.B. (2021). Critical review of the Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: ethnobotany, pharmacological efficacy, and commercialization significance in Africa. Bull. Natl Res. Cent., 45: 176. Search in Google Scholar

Ahmed H.A., El-Darier S.M. (2024). Phytochemistry, allelopathy and anticancer potentiality of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae). Braz. J. Biol., 84: e263815. Search in Google Scholar

Ahmed S.K., Abdul-Abass M.H., Al-Hammed S.A. (2015). Testing of the efficacy of dietary natural and synthetic antioxidants on broiler performance: a comparative study. Int. J. Agric. Technol., 11: 1075–1088. Search in Google Scholar

Alam N., Hossain M., Khalil Md.I., Moniruzzaman M., Sulaiman S.A., Gan S.H. (2011). High catechin concentrations detected in Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11; 65. Search in Google Scholar

Ali A.S., Bashir S.H., Abdelshafeek K.A. (2020). Isolation, identification of some chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different extracts from Withania somnifera growing at Albaha Region, KSA. Biomed. Phamacol. J., 13: 635–344. Search in Google Scholar

Andallu B., Radhika B. (2000). Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 38: 607–609. Search in Google Scholar

Ansari J., Khan S.H., Haq A.U., Ahmad T., Abbass M.I. (2013). Effect of supplementation of Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal roots on growth performance, serum biochemistry, blood hematology, and immunity of broiler. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 19: 144–158. Search in Google Scholar

Anwer T., Sharma M., Khan G., Alam M.F., Alam N., Ali Md.S., Alam Md.S. (2017). Preventive role of Withania somnifera on hyperlipidemia and cardiac oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 16: 119–125. Search in Google Scholar

Archana R., Namasivayam A. (1999). Antistressor effect of Withania somnifera. J. Ethnopharmacol., 64: 91–93. Search in Google Scholar

Arora A., Solanki P., Kumar D. (2021). Evaluation of in vitro immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera roots on human neutrophils. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 193: 1631–1638. Search in Google Scholar

Asgary S., Naderi G.H., Askari N. (2005). Protective effect of flavonoids against red blood cell hemolysis by free radicals. Exp. Clin. Cardiol., 10: 88–90. Search in Google Scholar

Aslam S., Raja N.I., Hussain M., Iqbal M., Ejaz M., Ashfaq D., Fatima H., Shah M.A., Rehman A.U., Ehsan M. (2017). Current status of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: an endangered medicinal plant from Himalaya. Am. J. Plant Sci., 8: 1159–1169. Search in Google Scholar

Azimi V., Mirakzehi M.T., Saleh H. (2020). Hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera leaf and α-tocopherol acetate in diets containing oxidised oil: effects on growth performance, immune response, and oxidative status in broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 19: 917–928. Search in Google Scholar

Bajagai Y.S., Alsemgeest J., Moore R.J., Van T.T.H., Stanley D. (2020). Phytogenic products, used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, modify the intestinal microbiota derived from a range of production system: as in vitro model. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 104: 10631–10640. Search in Google Scholar

Balkrishna A., Pokhrel S., Singh H., Joshi M., Mulay V.P., Haldar S., Varshney A. (2021). Withanone from Withania somnifera attenuates SARS-CoV-2 RBD and host ACE2 interactions to rescue spike protein induced pathologies in humanized zebrafish model. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 15: 1111–1133. Search in Google Scholar

Barthi V.K., Malik J.K., Gupta R.C. (2016). Ashwagandha: multiple health benefits. Gupta, R. C. Editors. Nutraceuticals: efficacy, safety and toxicity. Oxford, UK, Academic Press, pp. 717–733. Search in Google Scholar

Bharathi P., Reddy A.G., Reddy A.R., Alharaj M. (2011). A study of certain herbs against chlorpyrifos-induced changes in lipid and protein profile in poultry. Toxicol. Int., 18: 44–46. Search in Google Scholar

Bilal R.M., Hassan F.U.L., Saeed M., Rafeeq M., Zahra N., Fraz A., Saeed S., Khan M.A., Mahgoub H.A.M., Farag M.R., Alagawany M. (2021). Role of yeast and yeast-derived products as feed additives in broiler nutrition. Anim. Biotechnol., 1–10. Search in Google Scholar

Bisht P., Rawat V. (2014). Antibacterial activity of Withania somnifera against gram-positive isolates from pus samples. Ayu, 35: 330–332. Search in Google Scholar

Biswas P., Sharma R.K., Biswas A., Kar I. (2020). Effect of ahswagandha (Withania somnifera) and vitamin C on hematological profile and carcass traits of broiler birds. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 9: 783–791. Search in Google Scholar

Bokaeian M., Saeidi S. (2015). Evolution of antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Withania somnifera against antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Zahedan J. Res. Med. Sci., 17: e1016. Search in Google Scholar

Bonandi E., Mori M., Infante P., Basili I., Di Marcotullio L., Calcaterra A., Catti F., Botta B., Passarella D. (2021). Design and synthesis of new withaferin A inspired hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Chem. Eur. J., 27: 8350–8357. Search in Google Scholar

Candelario M., Cuellar E., Reyes-Ruiz J.M., Darabedian N., Feimeng Z., Miledi R., Russo-Neustadt A., Limon A. (2015). Direct evidence for GABAergic activity of Withania somnifera on mammalian ionotropic GAGAA and GABAƤ receptors. J. Ethnopharmacol., 171: 264–272. Search in Google Scholar

Chattopadhyay S., Cone R.E. (2007). Role of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in immune modulation: proposed influence in immune-regulation. Avalilable at https://opencommons.uconn.edu/som_articles/20?utm_source=opencommons.uconn.edu/som_articles/20 Accessed in Dec 22, 2022. Search in Google Scholar

Chickhale R.V., Gurav S.S., Patil R.B., Sinha S.K., Prasad S.K., Shakya A., Shrivastava S.K., Gurav N.S., Prasad R.S. (2021). Sars-cov-2 host entry and replication inhibitors from Indian ginseng: an insilico approach. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 39: 4510–4521. Search in Google Scholar

Chikwa K., Atkare S.S., Bhardwaj J.K., Nema R.P., Kumar J., Padwar P., Viswakarma R. (2018). Effect of dietary supplementation of Shatavari, Ashwagandha root powder and vitamin E on performance of colour broilers. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 6: 153–155. Search in Google Scholar

Dhar N., Razdan S., Rana S., Bhat W.W., Vishwakarma R., Lattoo S.K. (2015). A decade of molecular understanding fo withanolide biosynthesis and in vitro studies in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: prospects and perspectives for pathway engineering. Front. Plant Sci., 6: 1031. Search in Google Scholar

Dharajiya D., Patel P., Patel M., Moitra N. (2014). In vitro antimicrobial activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal extracts. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 27: 349–354. Search in Google Scholar

Dhuley J.N. (2000). Adaptogenic and cardioprotective action of ashwagandha in rats and frogs. J. Ethnopharmacol., 70: 57–63. Search in Google Scholar

El-Boshy M.E.S., Abdalla O.M., Risha A., Moustafa F. (2013). Effect of Withania somnifera extracts on some selective biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters in guinea pigs experimental infected with E. coli. ISRN Vet. Sci., 2013: 153427. Search in Google Scholar

Elhadidy M.E., Sawie H.G., Meguid N.A., Khadrawy Y.A. (2018). Protective effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) against neurotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 8: 59–66. Search in Google Scholar

Fan Y., Lu Y., Wang D., Liu J., Song X., Zhang W., Zhao X., Nguyen T.L., Hu Y. (2013). Effect of epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone immunopotentiator on immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in chickens. Cell. Immunol., 281: 37–43. Search in Google Scholar

Fernando I.D.N.S., Abeysinghe D.C., Dharmadasa R.M. (2013). Determination of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of different parts of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. from three different growth stages. Ind. Crops Prod., 50: 537–539. Search in Google Scholar

Ganguly B., Kumar N., Ahmad A.H., Rastogi S.K. (2018). Influence of phytochemical composition on in vitro antioxidant and reducing activities of Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extracts. J. Ginseng Res., 42: 463–469. Search in Google Scholar

Ganguly B., Mrigesh M., Chauhan P., Rastogi S.K. (2020). Dietary supplementation with Withania somnifera root powder ameliorates experimentally induced infectious bursal disease in chicken. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 52: 1195–1206. Search in Google Scholar

Gaschler M.M., Stockwell B.R. (2017). Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 482: 419–425. Search in Google Scholar

Gaurav N., Kumar A., Grover A., Som D., Chauhan U.K., Singh A.P. (2016). Biochemical study of root extract of Withania somnifera (L.) plant through HPLC analysis. Agric. Sci. Digest., 36: 295–298. Search in Google Scholar

Gopal S., Ajgaonkar A., Kanchi P., Kaundinya A., Thakare V., Chauhan S., Langade D. (2021). Effect of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on climacteric symptoms in women during perimenopause: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res., 47: 4414–4425. Search in Google Scholar

Gorelick J., Rosenberg R., Smotrich A., Lumír H., Bernstein N. (2015). Hypoglycemic activity of withanolides and elicited Withania somnifera. Phytochemistry, 116: 283–289. Search in Google Scholar

Greene E.S., Maynard C., Owens C.M., Meullenet J.F., Dridi S. (2021). Effects of herbal adaptogen feed-additive on growth performance, carcass parameters, and muscle amino acid profile in heat-stressed modern broilers. Front. Physiol., 12: 784952. Search in Google Scholar

Grzelak A.K., Davis D.J., Caraker S.M., Crim M.J., Spitsbergen J.M., Wiedmeyer C.E. (2017). Stress leukogram induced by acute and chronic stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp. Med., 67: 263–269. Search in Google Scholar

Gurib-Fakim A. (2008). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. In: PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Schmelzer G.H., Gurib-Fakim A. (eds). Wageningen, Netherlands, PROTA Fundation, 868 pp. Search in Google Scholar

Hafez H.M., Attia Y.A. (2020). Challenges to the poultry industry: current perspectives and strategic future after the COVID-19 outbreak. Front. Vet. Sci., 7: 516. Search in Google Scholar

Haque H., Sarker S., Islam S., Islam A., Karim R., Kayesh M.E.H., Shiddiky M.J.A., Anwer S. (2020). Sustainable antibiotic-free broiler meat production: current trends, challenges, and possibilities in a developing country perspective. Biology, 9: 411. Search in Google Scholar

Hassanin A.A., Saad A.M., Bardisi E.A., Salama A., Sitohy M.Z. (2020). Transfer of anthocyanin accumulating Delila and Rosea 1 genes from the transgenic tomato micro-tom cultivar to money-maker cultivar by conventional breeding. J. Agric. Food Chem., 68: 10741–10749. Search in Google Scholar

Heim K.E., Tagliaferro A.R., Bobilya D. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 572–584. Search in Google Scholar

Hussain A., Aslam B., Muhammad F., Faisal M.N., Kousar S., Mush-taq A., Bari M.U. (2021). Anti-arthritic activity of Ricinus communis L. and Withania somnifera L. extracts in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats via modulating inflammatory mediators and subsiding oxidative stress. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 24: 951–961. Search in Google Scholar

Jana S.N., Charan S.M. (2018). Health benefits and medicinal potency of Withania somnifera: a review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 48: 22–29. Search in Google Scholar

Javed M., Durrani F.R., Hafeez A., Khan R.U., Ahmad I. (2009). Effect of aqueous extract of plant mixture on carcass quality of broiler chicks. ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 4: 37–40. Search in Google Scholar

Joshi S.S., Ingle P.B., Bhagwat S.R., Pawar M.M., Prajapati K.B., Kulkarni R.C. (2015). Effect of dietary addition of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) powder on broiler performance. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 85: 1358–1361. Search in Google Scholar

Jyotsana, Kumar P., Berwal R.S. (2019). Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root powder on morphometry of the intestinal mucosa in broiler chicken. Int. J. Chem. Stud., 7: 1583–1586. Search in Google Scholar

Kale V.R., Wankhede S.M., Patil C.S., Share A.A. (2016). Effect of supplementation of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder as feed additive on performance and blood biochemicals of broilers. Indian J. Anim. Res., 50: 53–56. Search in Google Scholar

Kanyaiya M., Digambar S.P., Arora S., Kapila S., Singh R.R.B. (2014). In vivo, effect of herb (Withania somnifera) on immunomodulatory and antioxidative potential of milk in mice. Food Agric. Immunol., 25: 443–452. Search in Google Scholar

Kim H.P., Son K.H., Chang H.W., Kang S.S. (2004). Anti-inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 96: 229–245. Search in Google Scholar

Kirson I., Glotter E., Lavie D., Abraham A. (1971). Constituents of Withania somnifera Dun. Part XII. The withanolides of an Indian chemotype. J. Chem. Soc C: Organic, pp. 2032–2044. Search in Google Scholar

Kralik G., Kralik Z., Grčević M., Hanžek D. (2018). Quality of chicken meat. In: Animal husbandry and nutrition, Yucel B., Taskin T. (eds). London, UK, IntechOpen Book, pp. 63–94. Search in Google Scholar

Krysiak K., Konkol D., Korczyński M. (2021). Overview of the use of probiotics in poultry production. Animals, 11: 1620. Search in Google Scholar

Kumar K.P., Reddy V.R., Prakash M.G. (2018 a). Amelioration of heat stress induced oxidative damage in broilers by supplementing ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract during summer. Pharma Innov., 7: 591–596. Search in Google Scholar

Kumar K.P., Reddy V.R., Prakash M.G. (2018 b). Efficacy of supplementing ashwagandha extract (Withania somnifera) on immunity and serum biochemistry in broilers during summer. Int. J. Livest. Res., 8: 158–164. Search in Google Scholar

Kumar V., Dhanjal J.K., Bhargava P., Kaul A., Wang J., Zhang H., Kaul S.C., Wadhwa R., Sundar D. (2020). Withanone and with-aferin-A are predicted to interact with transmembrane protease serina 2 (TMPRSS2) and block entry of SARS-CoV-2 cells. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 16: 1–13. Search in Google Scholar

Kumari M., Gupta R.Á. (2015). In vitro antibacterial effect of Withania somnifera root extract on Escherichia coli. Vet. World, 8: 57–60. Search in Google Scholar

Kumari D., Mishra S.K., Lather D. (2015). Effect of supplementation of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on haemato-biochemical parameters of Salmonella gallinarum infected broiler chickens. Haryanna Veterinarian, 54: 1–6. Search in Google Scholar

Kumari M., Gupta R.P., Lather D., Bagri P. (2020). Ameliorating effect of Withania somnifera root extract in Escherichia coli–infected broilers. Poultry Sci, 99: 1875–1887. Search in Google Scholar

Lande T.B., Gangane G.R., Moregaonkar S.D., Kulkarni G.B., Narote S.R., Chavan P.A., Tandale R.U. (2019). Ameliorative effect of Withania somnifera on growth performance and pathomorphological alterations in experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 8: 298–304. Search in Google Scholar

Latheef S.K., Dhama K., Samad H.A., Wani M.Y., Kumar M.A., Palanivelu M., Malik Y.S., Singh S.D., Singh R. (2017). Immunomodulatory and prophylactic efficacy of herbal extracts against experimentally induced chicken infectious anaemia in chicks: assessing the viral load and cell mediated immunity. Virus Dis., 28: 115–120. Search in Google Scholar

Lee D.H., Ahn J., Jang Y.J., Seo H.D., Ha T.Y., Kim M.J., Huh Y.H., Jung C.H. (2020). Withania somnifera extract enhances energy expenditure via improving mitochondrial function in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Nutrients, 12: 431. Search in Google Scholar

Lewis S.M., Williams A., Eisenbarth S.C. (2019). Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. Sci. Immunol., 4: eaau6085. Search in Google Scholar

Lillehoj H., Liu Y., Calsamiglia S., Fernandez-Miyakawa M.E., Chi F., Cravens R.L., Oh S., Gay C.G. (2018). Phytochemicals as antibiotic alternatives to promote growth and enhance host health. Vet. Res., 49: 76. Search in Google Scholar

Lopresti A.L., Drummond P.D., Smith S.J. (2019). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the hormonal and vitality effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in aging, overweight males. Am. J. Mens Health, 13: 1557988319835985. Search in Google Scholar

Malik F., Singh J., Khajuria A., Suri K.A., Satti N.K., Singh S., Kaul M.K., Kumar A., Bhatia A., Qazi G.N. (2007). A standardized root extract of Withania somnifera and its major constituent withanolide-A elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune response by up regulation of Th1-dominant polarization in BALB/c mice. Life Sci., 80: 1525–1538. Search in Google Scholar

Marimuthu S., Selvam R., Kaninathan A., D’Souza P. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of phytogenic feed additive on performance traits, serum neopterin, and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response in heat-induced stress model of broiler chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 7: 141–147. Search in Google Scholar

Maysa M.H., Ouda M.M.M., El-Saadany A.S., Farag M.E. (2023). Growth performance and physiological responses of inshas cock-erels supplemented with ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root powder. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 43: 127–139. Search in Google Scholar

Mini M.S., Krishnan S.A., Sridevi K. (2020). Evaluation of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of methanolic root extracts of Withania somnifera, Boerhaavia diffusa and their combination in dexamethasone induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 11: 5733–5740. Search in Google Scholar

Mirakzehi M.T., Kermanshahi H., Golian A., Raji A.R. (2013). The effects of dietary 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferal and hydroalcoholic extract of Withania sominifera root on bone mineralization, strength and histological characteristics in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 54: 789–800. Search in Google Scholar

Mirakzehi M.T., Hosseini S.J., Saleh H. (2017). The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Withania somnifera root, Withania coagulans fruit and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on immune response and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 45: 591–597. Search in Google Scholar

Mirjalili M. H., Moyano E., Bonfill M., Cusido R. M., Palazón J. (2009). Steroidal lactones from Withania somnifera, an ancient plant for novel medicine. Molecules, 14: 2373–2393. Search in Google Scholar

Mishra L.C., Singh B. B., Dagenais S. (2000). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern. Med. Rev., 5: 334–346. Search in Google Scholar

Mofed D., Ahmed W., Zekri A.R., Said O., Rahouma M., Faraag A.H.I. (2020). The antiviral efficacy of Withania sominifera (ashwagandha) against hepatitis C virus activity: in vitro and in silico study. Adv. Microbiol., 10: 463–477. Search in Google Scholar

Mohammadi M., Mirakzehi M.T., Saleh H., Baranzehi T. (2022). The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera leaf and fish oil on growth performance, bone calcification, morphological and mechanical characteristics and gene expression in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. J., 10: 169–183. Search in Google Scholar

Mottet A., Tempio G. (2017). Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. Worlds Poult. Sci. J., 73: 245–256. Search in Google Scholar

Mountzouris K.C., Paraskevas V., Fegeros K. (2009). Phytogenic compounds in broiler nutrition. In: Phytogenics in animal nutrition, Steiner T. (ed.). Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Press, pp. 97–110. Search in Google Scholar

Mushtaq M., Durrani F., Imtiaz N., Sadique U., Hafeez A., Akhtar S., Ahmad S. (2011). Effect of administration of Withania somnifera on some hematological and immunological profile of broiler chicks. Pak. Vet. J., 32: 70–72. Search in Google Scholar

Mushtaq M., Sadique U., Chand N., Ahmed I., Shah S.S.A., Ahmad I., Ullah I., Shah M. (2016). Biochemical effect of water based infusion of Withania somnifera in broiler production. Meat Sci. Vet Public Health, 1: 17–20. Search in Google Scholar

Nagar A., Neeraj, Pandey R., Singh A.K. (2020). Influence of dietary supplementation of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root powder on feed intake and body weight performance in caged broilers. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 8: 592–597. Search in Google Scholar

Nagar A., Neeraj, Pandey R., Singh A.K., Thakur R. (2021). Impact of dietary supplementation of shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root powder on performance in broilers. J. Anim. Res., 11: 333–339. Search in Google Scholar

Nagareddy P.R., Lakshmana M. (2006). Withania somnifera improves bone calcification in calcium-deficient ovariectomized rats. Pharm. Pharmacol., 58: 513–519. Search in Google Scholar

Narinderpal K., Junaid N., Raman B. (2013). A review on pharmacological profile of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha). Res. Rev: J. Bot. Sci., 2: 6–14. Search in Google Scholar

Navinder K. M., Sehrawat R., Khatak S. A. (2013). Comparative study: homoeopathic medicine and a medicinal plant Withania somnifera for antidiabetic activity. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2: 109–112. Search in Google Scholar

Orlowski S., Flees J., Greene E.S., Ashley D., Lee S.O., Yang F.L., Owens C.M., Kidd M., Anthony N., Dridi S. (2018). Effects of phytogenic additives on meat quality traits in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci., 96: 3757–3767. Search in Google Scholar

Owen J. (2011). Introduction of alternative antibiotic growth promoters (AAGPS) in animal production in Nigeria: a review. Proc. XXXVI Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Abuja, Nigeria, 13–16.03.2011, p. 700. Search in Google Scholar

Panchal P., Singh K. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Withania somnifera and Calotropis procera on pathogenic strains. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., 7: 76–78. Search in Google Scholar

Pandey N., Singh D., Niwas R. (2013). Broiler characteristics, sensory qualities, and economic efficiency in Vencobb-400 chicks supplemented with a conjugated herbal feed additive in diet. Anim. Sci. Rep., 7: 128–132. Search in Google Scholar

Patel S.B., Rao N. J., Hingorani L.L. (2016). Safety assessment of Withania somnifera extract standardized for withaferin A: acute and sub-acute toxicity study. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med., 7: 30–37. Search in Google Scholar

Paul S., Chakraborty S., Anand U., Dey S., Nandy S., Ghorai M., Saha S.C., Patil M.T., Kandimalla R., Proćków J., Dey A. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (ashwagandha): a comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects. Biomed. Pharmacother., 143: 112175. Search in Google Scholar

Pedhavi S., Burte R.G., Kumar S., Desai B.G., Bhagat D.J., Prasade N.N., Dhekale J.S. (2017). Effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicks. Adv. Agric. Res. Technol. J., 1: 57–60. Search in Google Scholar

Prabu P.C., Panchapakesan S., Raj C.D. (2013). Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the hyroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera roots in Wistar rats. Phytother. Res., 27: 1169–1178. Search in Google Scholar

Priyanka G., Kumar B.A., Lakshman M., Manvitha V., Kumar B.K. (2020). Adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activity of ashwagandha root extract: an experimental study in an equine model. Front. Vet. Sci., 7: 541112. Search in Google Scholar

Raghavan R.P., Sreekumar K.P., Zarina A. (2011). Effect of aswagandha on growth performance haematology and gastrointestinal enzymes in broiler chicken. Indian J. Poult. Sci., 46: 52–55. Search in Google Scholar

Rajeswara R.B.R., Rajput D.K., Ngaraju G., Adinarayana G. (2012). Opportunities and challenges in the cultivation of ashwagandha {Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal}. J Pharmacogn., 3: 88–91. Search in Google Scholar

Réhault-Godbert S., Guyot N., Nys Y. (2019). The golden egg: nutritional value, bioactivities, and emerging benefits for human health. Nutrients, 11: 684. Search in Google Scholar

Rindhe S., Suryavanshi S. U., Khose K. K., Waghmare R. N., Saxena M. J., Kotagiri R., Shivi M. (2012). Role of polyherbal liquid antistressor product in improving meat quality attributes in broilers. Int. Res. J. Pharm Pharmacol., 2: 209–214. Search in Google Scholar

Saggam A., Kimgaokar K., Borse S., Chavan-Gautam P., Dixit S., Tillu G., Patwardhan B. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: opportunity for clinical repurposing in COVID-19 management. Front. Pharmacol., 12: 623795. Search in Google Scholar

Saini J., Sharma T., Dhuria R.K., Kumari N., Mitharwal N., Limba A.K., Meena M. (2017). Effect of feeding Withania somnifera and enzyme alone and in combination on dry matter digestibility and nitrogen balance of broiler chicks. Vet. Pract., 18: 124–125. Search in Google Scholar

Salem H.M., El-Saadony M.T., Abd El-Mageed T.A., Soliman S.M., Khafaga A.F., Saad A.M., Swelum A.A., Korma S.A., Lima C.M.G., Selim S., Babalghith A.O., Abd El-Hack M.E., Omer F.A., AbuQamar S.F., El-Taravily K.A., Conte-Junior C.A. (2022). Promising prospective effects of Withania somnifera on broiler performance and carcass characteristics: a comprehensive review. Fron. Vet. Sci., 9: 918961. Search in Google Scholar

Salim H.M.D., Huque K.S., Kamaruddin K.M., Beg A.H. (2018). Global restriction of using antibiotic growth promoters and alternative strategies in poultry production. Sci. Prog., 101: 52–75. Search in Google Scholar

Salve J., Pate S., Debnath K., Langade D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11: e6466. Search in Google Scholar

Sangwan N.S., Tripathi S., Srivastava Y., Mishra B., Pandey N. (2017). Pytochemical genomics of ashwagandha. In: Science of ashwagandha: preventive and therapeutic potentials, Kaul S.C., Wadhwa R. (eds). New York, USA, Springer International Publishing, pp. 3–36. Search in Google Scholar

Sangwan R., Chaurasiya N., Misra L., Lal P., Uniyal G., Sharma R., Sangwan N., Suri K., Qazi G., Tuli R. (2004). Phytochemical variability in commercial herbal products and preparations of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha). Curr. Sci., 86: 461–465. Search in Google Scholar

Sanjyal S., Sapkota S. (2011). Supplementation of broilers diet with different sources of growth promoters. Nepal J. Sci. Technol., 12: 41–50. Search in Google Scholar

Sarangi A., Jena S., Sarangi A., Swain B. (2013). Anti-diabetic effects of Withania somnifera root and leaf extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Cell Tissue Res., 13: 3597–3601. Search in Google Scholar

Schreiber G. (1978). The synthesis and secretion of plasma protein in the liver. Pathology, 10: 394. Search in Google Scholar

Selaledi L.A., Hassan Z.M., Manyelo T.G., Mabelebele M. (2020). The current status of the alternative use to antibiotics in poultry production: an African perspective. Antibiotics, 9: 594. Search in Google Scholar

Sengupta P., Agarwal A., Pogrebetskaya M., Roychoudhury S., Durairajanayagam D., Henkel R. (2018). Role of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility. Reprod. Biomed. Online, 36: 311–326. Search in Google Scholar

Senthil K., Thirugnanasambantham P., Oh T.J., Kim S.H., Choi H.K. (2015). Free radical scavenging activity and comparative metabolic profiling of in vitro cultured and field grown Withania somnifera roots. PlosOne, 10: e0123360. Search in Google Scholar

Sethiya N. (2016). Review on natural growth promoters available for improving gut health of poultry: an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Asian J. Poult. Sci., 10: 1–29. Search in Google Scholar

Shah R.A., Khan S., Vakil M., Qureshi M.T. (2017). Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Withania somnifera by glucose uptake assay on 3T3 F442A fibroblast (adipocyte) cells. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 8: 120–125. Search in Google Scholar

Sharma A.K., Basu I., Singh S. (2018). Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 24: 243–248. Search in Google Scholar

Shubhashree M.N., Raghavendra N., Doddamani S.H., Sulochan B. (2018). An update review of single herb drugs in the management of osteoporosis. Int. J. Complement. Alt. Med., 11: 82–86. Search in Google Scholar

Siddiqui N.A., Singh S., Siddiquei M.M., Khan T.H. (2012). Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera, Asparagus racemosus and Picrorhiza kurroa roots. Int. J. Pharmacol., 8: 108–114. Search in Google Scholar

Singh S., Kumar S. (1998). Withania somnifera: the Indian Ginseng ashwagandha. Lucknow, India, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Search in Google Scholar

Singh G., Kumar P. (2011). Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of Withania somnifera L. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 73: 473–478. Search in Google Scholar

Singh B., Saxena A., Chandan B., Gupta D., Bhutani K., Anand K. (2001). Adaptogenic activity of a novel, withanolide‐free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. Phytother. Res., 15: 311–318. Search in Google Scholar

Singh B., Chandan B., Gupta D. (2003). Adaptogenic activity of a novel withanolide‐free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. (part II). Phytother. Res., 17: 531–536. Search in Google Scholar

Singh G., Sharma P.K., Dudhe R., Singh S. (2010). Biological activities of Withania somnifera. Annals Biol. Res., 1: 56–63. Search in Google Scholar

Singh M.K., Singh V.P., Sahu D.S., Manoj J. (2017). Effect of dietary supplementation of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and selenium on growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. Asian J. Anim. Sci., 12: 129–133. Search in Google Scholar

Singh M.K., Manoj J., Sahy D.S., Kumar Y. (2020). Augmentation of meat quality attributes of broilers fed dietary supplementation of selenium and ashwagandha. International J. Livest. Res., 10: 73–78. Search in Google Scholar

Sonar V.P., Fois B., Distinto S., Maccioni E., Meleddu R., Cottiglia F., Acquas E., Kasture S., Floris C., Colombo D., Sissi C., Sanna E., Talani G. (2019). Ferulic acid esters and withanolides: in search of Withania somnifera GABAA receptor modulators. J. Nat. Prod., 82: 1250–1257. Search in Google Scholar

Suganya T., Senthilkumar S., Deepa K., Muralidharan J., Gomathi G., Gobiraju S. (2016). Herbal feed additives in poultry. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 5: 1137–1145. Search in Google Scholar

Sumantran V.N., Kulkarni A., Boddul S., Chinchwade T., Koppikar S.J., Harsulkar A., Patwardhan B., Chopra A., Wagh U.V. (2007). Chondroprotective potential of root extracts of Withania sominifera in osteoarthritis. J. Biosci, 32: 299–307. Search in Google Scholar

Tahmasbi A.M., Mirakzehi M.T., Hosseini S.J., Agah M.J., Fard M.K. (2012). The effects of phytase and root hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera on productive performance and bone mineralization of laying hens in the late phase of production. Br. Poult. Sci., 53: 204–214. Search in Google Scholar

Thakur S., Sharma T., Arya R.S., Bais B., Agrawal V.K. (2017). Nutritional enrichment of broiler breast meat through dietary supplementation of Indian ginseng Withania somnifera and symbiotic substances under semi-arid climatic conditions. Vet. World, 10: 1301–1306. Search in Google Scholar

Tharakan A., Shukla H., Benny I.R., Tharakan M., George L., Koshy S. (2021). Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract − a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with an open label extension on healthy participants. J. Clin. Med., 10: 3644. Search in Google Scholar

Tikore P., Rathod P., Ingole R.S., Khose K.K., Khodke M.V. (2019). Protective effect of (ashwagandha) Withania somnifera root powder on general performance and hematological profile against fenvalerate induced toxicity in cockerels. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 7: 289–294. Search in Google Scholar

Tomar R.S., Baghel R.P.S., Nayak S., Khare A., Sharma P. (2018). Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera, Boerhaavia diffusa and Emblica officinalis in broilers. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 7: 3303–3306. Search in Google Scholar

Tupe R.S., Kemse N.G., Khaire A.A., Shaikh S.A. (2017). Attenuation of glycation-induced multiple protein modifications by Indian antidiabetic plant extracts. Pharm. Biol., 55: 68–75. Search in Google Scholar

Udayakumar R., Kasthurirengan S., Mariashiu T.S., Rajesh M., Anbazhagan V.R., Kim S.C., Ganapathi A., Choi C.W. (2009). Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Withania somnifera root and leaf extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10: 2367–2382. Search in Google Scholar

Uthirapathy S., Tahir T.F. (2021). Withania somnifera: correlation of phytoconstituents with hypolipidemic and cardioprotective activities. The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 9: ARO.10844. Search in Google Scholar

Vasanthakumar P., Pangayarselvi B., Sasikumar P., Chandrasekaran D., Doraisamy K.A., Purushothaman M.R. (2015). Performance of broilers fed ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) incorporated diets during summer season for alleviating heat stress. Indian J. Anim. Res., 49: 333–335. Search in Google Scholar

Verma K., Gaur A. (2011). Protein and alkaloid profiling from seeds and root of Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera Dunal). Agric. Sci. Digest, 31: 51–53. Search in Google Scholar

Verma S.K., Shaban A., Purohit R., Chimata M.L., Rai G., Verma O.P. (2012). Immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (L.). J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 4: 559–561. Search in Google Scholar

Visavadiya N.P., Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L. (2011). Ameliorative effects of herbal combinations in hyperlipidemia. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2011: 160408. Search in Google Scholar

Wal P., Wal A., Rai A.K., Tiwari R., Prajapati S.K. (2014). Adaptogens with a special emphasis on Withania somnifera and Rhodiola rosea. Bagchi, D, Nair, S., Sen, C.K. Nutrition and enhanced sports performance: muscle building, endurance, and strength. Academic Press, London, UK, 2014. Chapter 34, pp. 343–350. Search in Google Scholar

White R.G., Henderson D.C., Eslami M.B., Neilsen K.H. (1975). Localization of a protein antigen in the chicken spleen. Effect of various manipulative procedures on the morphogenesis of the germinal centre. Immunology, 28: 1–21. Search in Google Scholar

Yin H., Cho D.H., Park S.J., Han S.K. (2013). GABA-mimetic actions of Withania somnifera on substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigemial subnucleus caudalis in mice. Am. J. Chin. Med., 41: 1043–1051. Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2300-8733
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Zoology, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine