<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>It has been illustrated that using mixtures of feed additives is more efficient than using individual additives in aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to study a dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes (BLE) on the growth performance, digestion capacity, intestinal health, and blood indices of Nile tilapia reared outdoors in concrete tanks. Five diets were prepared where the basal diets were mixed with BLE at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%. After 90 days, the growth performance of Nile tilapia fed BLE was markedly enhanced in fish fed 0.25 and 0.5% of BLE, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced (P&lt;0.05). The lipase activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% than 0 and 1%. The amylase activity was meaningfully increased by 0.5% of BLE than 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1%. The protease activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25 and 0.5 than 0, 0.75, and 1% (P&lt;0.05). The intestine of fish fed on BLE showed an increase in intestinal villi density. The villi length, width, and the number of goblet cells were markedly higher in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the intestines of tilapia fed BLE than in the control group (P&lt;0.05). Further, fish fed BLE had higher intestinal morphometry indices and count of goblet cells than the control. Significantly fish fed 0.25, and 0.5% of BLE had higher hemoglobulin, and hematocrit levels than fish fed 0, 0.75, and 1%. While, fish fed 0.5% had higher red blood cells than fish fed the remaining BLE levels (P&lt;0.05). On the other hand, no marked effects for BLE supplementation were seen on the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. The regression analysis showed that the maximum dose of BLE supplementation to achieve the highest final weight and the lowest FCR is 0.46% and 0.42%, respectively.</p>
</abstract>

It has been illustrated that using mixtures of feed additives is more efficient than using individual additives in aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to study a dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes (BLE) on the growth performance, digestion capacity, intestinal health, and blood indices of Nile tilapia reared outdoors in concrete tanks. Five diets were prepared where the basal diets were mixed with BLE at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%. After 90 days, the growth performance of Nile tilapia fed BLE was markedly enhanced in fish fed 0.25 and 0.5% of BLE, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced (P<0.05). The lipase activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% than 0 and 1%. The amylase activity was meaningfully increased by 0.5% of BLE than 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1%. The protease activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25 and 0.5 than 0, 0.75, and 1% (P<0.05). The intestine of fish fed on BLE showed an increase in intestinal villi density. The villi length, width, and the number of goblet cells were markedly higher in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the intestines of tilapia fed BLE than in the control group (P<0.05). Further, fish fed BLE had higher intestinal morphometry indices and count of goblet cells than the control. Significantly fish fed 0.25, and 0.5% of BLE had higher hemoglobulin, and hematocrit levels than fish fed 0, 0.75, and 1%. While, fish fed 0.5% had higher red blood cells than fish fed the remaining BLE levels (P<0.05). On the other hand, no marked effects for BLE supplementation were seen on the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. The regression analysis showed that the maximum dose of BLE supplementation to achieve the highest final weight and the lowest FCR is 0.46% and 0.42%, respectively.

The Dietary Mixture of Betaine, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes Enhanced the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Immunity of Nile Tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>) Grown in Outdoor Concrete Tanks

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture

Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Dietary Mixture of Betaine, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes Enhanced the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Immunity of Nile Tilapia () Grown in Outdoor Concrete Tanks

It has been illustrated that using mixtures of feed additives is more efficient than using individual additives in aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to...

The Dietary Mixture of Betaine, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes Enhanced the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Immunity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Grown in Outdoor Concrete Tanks

Published Online: Jan 27, 2023

Page range: 205 - 213

Received: Mar 23, 2022

Accepted: Jul 13, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0056

Keywords
mixtures additives, production, finfish species, well-being, digestion

© 2022 Fawzy I. Magouz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Dietary Mixture of Betaine, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Exogenous Digestive Enzymes Enhanced the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Immunity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Grown in Outdoor Concrete Tanks

Published Online: Jan 27, 2023

Page range: 205 - 213

Received: Mar 23, 2022

Accepted: Jul 13, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0056

Keywordsmixtures additives, production, finfish species, well-being, digestion

© 2022 Fawzy I. Magouz et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
mixtures additives, production, finfish species, well-being, digestion